用QUAX -g_p g_s实验研究电偶极轴子相互作用
The QUAX-g_p g_s experiment to search for monopole-dipole Axion interaction
摘要：
量子色动力学轴子是为解决粒子物理学标准模型中的强CP问题而引入的一种假想粒子，它可能是冷暗物质的一种组分。在轴子理论中，J.E. Moody和F.威尔切克证明了一种新的宏观长程力，通过轴子交换作用于电子自旋，这种力可以用有效磁场来描述。QUAX-g $_p$ g $_s$实验是在INFN国立莱尼亚罗大学进行的，旨在研究非极化质量源产生的有效场对磁化样品的影响。由于这个场是宏观的，它可以通过测量在液氦温度下冷却的顺磁性硅酸钆（GSO）晶体的磁化强度的变化来检测。轴子有效场感生磁化可用SQUID磁强计检测。通过改变源质量的位置，感应GSO磁化在声频调制。虽然尚未充分利用QUAX-g $_p$ g $_s$的灵敏度，但我们能够在几十Hz下测量$10^{-17}~$ T的磁化强度。有了这种灵敏度，我们期望进一步提高预测的长程力在$10^{-3}$到$1~$ m区间的耦合上限。
英文摘要：
The QCD axion is an hypothetical particle introduced to solve the strong CP problem of standard model of particle physics and is of interest as a possible component of cold dark matter. In the axion scenario, J.E. Moody and F. Wilczek showed that a new macroscopic long-range force, mediated by axion exchange, acts on electron spins, and that such force can be described in terms of an effective magnetic field. The QUAX-g$_p$g$_s$ experiment, carried out at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, is designed to search for the effects on magnetized samples of the effective field produced by unpolarized mass sources. As this field is macroscopic, it can be detected by measuring the change of magnetization of a paramagnetic Gadolinium silicate (GSO) crystal cooled at liquid helium temperature. The axion effective field induced magnetization can be detected with a SQUID magnetometer. By varying the position of the of source masses, the induced GSO magnetization is modulated at acoustic frequencies. Although the full QUAX-g$_p$g$_s$ sensitivity has not been yet exploited, we are able to measure a magnetization of $10^{-17}~$T at few tens of Hz. With this sensitivity we expect to further improve the upper limit of the coupling of the predicted long-range force in the $10^{-3}$ to $1~$m interval.
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