三轴超大质量致密星存在吗？
Do triaxial supramassive compact stars exist?
摘要：
研究了三轴变形旋转致密星的准平衡解--相对论引力和可压缩状态方程下Jacobi椭球的推广。对于相对刚性（分段）多变的EOS，我们发现超大质量的三轴解决方案，其质量超过最大质量的球形解决方案，但总是低于那些轴对称平衡。三轴和轴对称解的最大质量的差异敏感地依赖于状态方程。如果两者的差别只有10%左右，这将是中子星核心中高密度物质的物态方程明显变软的有力证据。这一发现开辟了一种新的方法来探测高密度核物质的相变，利用探测新诞生的中子星或磁星在回落吸积下的引力波。
英文摘要：
We study quasiequilibrium solutions of triaxially deformed rotating compact stars -- a generalization of Jacobi ellipsoids under relativistic gravity and compressible equations of state (EOS). For relatively stiff (piecewise) polytropic EOSs, we find supramassive triaxial solutions whose masses exceed the maximum mass of the spherical solution, but are always lower than those of axisymmetric equilibriums. The difference in the maximum masses of triaxial and axisymmetric solutions depends sensitively on the EOS. If the difference turns out to be only about 10%, it will be strong evidence that the EOS of high density matter becomes substantially softer in the core of neutron stars. This finding opens a novel way to probe phase transitions of high density nuclear matter using detections of gravitational waves from new born neutron stars or magnetars under fallback accretion.
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