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arXiv 1606.04594quant-ph
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光子数态干涉中的量子效应

Quantum effects in the interference of photon number states

Holger F. Hofmann, Keito Hibino, Kazuya Fujiwara, Jun-Yi Wu

摘要:

多光子干涉导致输出概率的调制,相移周期远短于2 π。在这里,我们调查这些统计模式背后的物理定义的情况下,在输入和输出模式的双路干涉仪的光子数。我们发现,多光子干涉的周期性与干涉仪两臂之间不可观测的强度差的弱值有关。这意味着输入、路径和输出中的光子数差之间的算符关系可以用来确定实验观察到的量子干涉的周期性,在随机相位干涉的经典因果关系和依赖于经典不同可能性叠加的量子效应之间建立了重要的联系。

英文摘要:

Multi-photon interference results in modulations of output probabilities with phase shift periods that are much shorter than 2 Pi. Here, we investigate the physics behind these statistical patterns in the case of well-defined photon numbers in the input and output modes of a two-path interferometer. We show that the periodicity of the multi-photon interference is related to the weak value of the unobserved intensity difference between the two arms of the interferometer. This means that the operator relations between the photon number differences in input, path, and output can be used to determine the periodicity of the experimentally observed quantum interference, establishing an important link between the classical causality of random phase interference and quantum effects that depend on the superposition of classically distinct possibilities.

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