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arXiv 1606.04438physics.flu-dyn
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湍流尾流中的分布混沌

Distributed chaos in turbulent wakes

A. Bershadskii

摘要:

利用分布混沌研究了湍流尾流中空间平移对称性(均匀性)的软、硬自发破缺。在平移对称性软破缺的情况下,涡度关联积分$\int_{V} \langle {\boldsymbol ω} ({\bf x},t) \cdot {\boldsymbol ω} ({\bf x} + {\bf r},t) \rangle_{V} d{\bf r}$主导分布混沌,混沌谱$\exp-(k/k_β)^{β}$具有$β=1/2$ .在硬平移对称性破缺的情况下,对分布式混沌的控制从一种基本对称性切换到另一种基本对称性(在这种情况下为拉格朗日重标记对称性)。由于Noether定理,重标记对称性导致无粘螺旋度守恒和螺旋度相关积分$I=\int \langle h({\bf x},t)~h({\bf x}+{\bf r}, t)\rangle d{\bf r}$(Levich-Tsinober不变量)控制具有$β=1/3$的分布混沌。与实验数据的良好协议已经建立了一个圆柱体后面的湍流尾流,后面的网格(正常和超流体)和鼓泡流。在后一种情况下,由于气泡尾流中的硬自发对称性破缺,即使是很小的气泡浓度也会导致湍流速度谱的剧烈变化。

英文摘要:

Soft and hard spontaneous breaking of space translational symmetry (homogeneity) have been studied in turbulent wakes by means of distributed chaos. In the case of the soft translational symmetry breaking the vorticity correlation integral $\int_{V} \langle {\boldsymbol ω} ({\bf x},t) \cdot {\boldsymbol ω} ({\bf x} + {\bf r},t) \rangle_{V} d{\bf r}$ dominates the distributed chaos and the chaotic spectra $\exp-(k/k_β)^{β}$ have $β=1/2$. In the case of the hard translational symmetry breaking, control on the distributed chaos is switched from one type of fundamental symmetry to another (in this case to Lagrangian relabeling symmetry). Due to the Noether's theorem the relabeling symmetry results in the inviscid helicity conservation and helicity correlation integral $I=\int \langle h({\bf x},t)~h({\bf x}+{\bf r}, t)\rangle d{\bf r}$ (Levich-Tsinober invariant) dominates the distributed chaos with $β=1/3$. Good agreement with the experimental data has been established for turbulent wakes behind a cylinder, behind grids (for normal and super-fluids) and for bubbling flows. In the last case even small concentration of bubbles leads to a drastic change of the turbulent velocity spectra due to the hard spontaneous symmetry breaking in the bubbles' wakes.

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