Detection of CO and HCN in Pluto's atmosphere with ALMA
E. Lellouch, M. Gurwell, B. Butler, T. Fouchet, P. Lavvas, D. F. Strobel, B. Sicardy, A. Moullet, R. Moreno, D. Bockelée-Morvan, N. Biver, L. Young, D. Lis, J. … 展开作者
E. Lellouch, M. Gurwell, B. Butler, T. Fouchet, P. Lavvas, D. F. Strobel, B. Sicardy, A. Moullet, R. Moreno, D. Bockelée-Morvan, N. Biver, L. Young, D. Lis, J. Stansberry, A. Stern, H. Weaver, E. Young, X. Zhu, J. Boissier
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Revised version. Icarus, in press, Oct. 11, 2016. 57 pages, including 13 figures and 4 tables
Observations of the Pluto-Charon system, acquired with the ALMA interferometer on June 12-13, 2015, have yielded a detection of the CO(3-2) and HCN(4-3) rotational transitions from Pluto, providing a strong confirmation of the presence of CO, and the first observation of HCN, in Pluto's atmosphere. The CO and HCN lines probe Pluto's atmosphere up to ~450 km and ~900 km altitude, respectively. The CO detection yields (i) a much improved determination of the CO mole fraction, as 515+/-40 ppm for a 12 ubar surface pressure (ii) clear evidence for a well-marked temperature decrease (i.e., mesosphere) above the 30-50 km stratopause and a best-determined temperature of 70+/-2 K at 300 km, in agreement with recent inferences from New Horizons / Alice solar occultation data. The HCN line shape implies a high abundance of this species in the upper atmosphere, with a mole fraction >1.5x10-5 above 450 km and a value of 4x10-5 near 800 km. The large HCN abundance and the cold upper atmosphere imply supersaturation of HCN to a degree (7-8 orders of magnitude) hitherto unseen in planetary atmospheres, probably due to the slow kinetics of condensation at the low pressure and temperature conditions of Pluto's upper atmosphere. HCN is also present in the bottom ~100 km of the atmosphere, with a 10-8 - 10-7 mole fraction; this implies either HCN saturation or undersaturation there, depending on the precise stratopause temperature. The HCN column is (1.6+/-0.4)x10^14 cm-2, suggesting a surface-referred net production rate of ~2x10^7 cm-2s-1. Although HCN rotational line cooling affects Pluto's atmosphere heat budget, the amounts determined in this study are insufficient to explain the well-marked mesosphere and upper atmosphere's ~70 K temperature. We finally report an upper limit on the HC3N column density (< 2x10^13 cm-2) and on the HC15N / HC14N ratio (< 1/125).
CH$_3$OH and HCN in Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Mapped with the ALMA Atacama Compact Array: Distinct Outgassing Behaviors and a Remarkably High CH$_3$OH/HCN Production Rate Ratio
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);American University(美国大学);The Catholic University of America(美利坚天主教大学);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité(巴黎天文台,PSL大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学)
New 12C/13C and 14N/15N isotopic ratio measurements in Jupiter's stratosphere revealed by ALMA
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS(波尔多天体物理学实验室,波尔多大学,法国国家科学研究中心);LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité(巴黎天文台 LIRA 实验室,巴黎文理研究大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学,巴黎西岱大学);Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen(马克斯·普朗克太阳系研究所)
Gas kinematics of key prebiotic molecules in GV Tau N revealed with an ALMA, PdBI, and Herschel synergy
利用空间和地面近红外设施,人们已经作出了很大的努力来探测星周盘行星形成区的暖气体。GV Tau N是GV Tau系统中最模糊的组分,是一个突出的来源,是HCN中检测到的第一个靶标之一,也是迄今为止在CH $_4$中检测到的唯一一个靶标。虽然近红外观测揭示了它的化学成分,但星周物质的物理结构和运动学仍然未知。我们使用干涉图像的HCN 3-2和$^{13}$ CO 3-2线,和远红外观测的$^{13}$ CO,HCN,CN和H $_2$ O转换辨别的形态,运动学和化学的致密气体接近恒星。这些观察结果构成了对GV Tau N的H $_2$ O的首次检测。此外,ALMA高空间分辨率(~ 7 au)图像的连续在1.1毫米和HCN 3-2线解决不同的气体成分对GV Tau N,一个气体盘与R~25 au,电离射流,和一个(或两个)分子流出。气盘的不对称形态表明它已被射流侵蚀。所有的观测结果都可以解释,如果GV Tau N是双星,并且其主要组成部分相对于环双星盘有一个高度倾斜的独立盘。我们讨论了水和其他分子的排放根据这种情况下的起源。特别是,我们建议,水的排放将来自中断的气体盘和分子外流。
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). X. Studying deuteration at high angular resolution toward protoplanetary disks
氘分馏取决于各种物理和化学参数。因此,太阳系中物质的形成位置和热历史往往是通过测量其D/H比来研究的。这就需要了解行星形成时期的氘化过程。我们的目标是研究这些过程,通过径向分辨DCN/HCN(在0.3”分辨率)和N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$(0.3至0.9”)柱密度比对五个原行星盘观测的分子与ALMA在行星形成尺度(MAPS)大计划。在所有五个来源中检测到DCN,其中一个是新报告的检测。N $_2$ D $^+$在四个来源中检测到,其中两个是新报告的检测。我们推导出柱密度分布,使我们能够在高分辨率下研究DCN/HCN和N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$比率的空间变化。DCN/HCN对于磁盘的不同部分变化很大,范围从$10^{-3}$到$10^{-1}$。特别是,与外盘相比,内盘区域通常显示出显著较低的HCN氘代。此外,我们的分析证实,两个氘分馏通道是活跃的,这可以改变的D/H比内池的有机分子。在$\sim$ 50 au以外的冷外部区域发现了N $_2$ D $^+$,在整个盘样品中,N $_2$ D $^+$ /N $_2$ H $^+$的范围在$10^{-2}$和1之间。这与理论预期的N $_2$ H $^+$氘化仅通过低温通道进行是一致的。本文是《天体物理学杂志增刊》MAPS特刊的一部分。
Detection of stratospheric HCN and tropospheric CO in Uranus and the implication for their sources
Univ. Bordeaux(波尔多大学);Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台);New York University(纽约大学);American Museum of Natural History(美国自然历史博物馆);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Aix-Marseille Université(艾克斯-马赛大学);University of Liège(列日大学);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace(皮埃尔-西蒙·拉普拉斯研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), CSIC(安达卢西亚天体物理研究所,西班牙高等科学研究委员会);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(国家射电天文台)
Unveiling the Chemical Complexity and C/O Ratio of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk: Constraints from Multi-line ALMA Observations of Organics, Nitriles, Sulfur-bearing, and Deuterated Molecules