A Study of the B/C Ratio Between 10 MeV/nuc and 1 TeV/nuc in Cosmic Rays Using New Voyager and AMS-2 Data and a Comparison with the Predictions of Leaky Box Propagation Models
This paper seeks to find an explanation of the galactic cosmic ray B/C ratio newly measured in cosmic rays between ~10 MeV/nuc and 1 TeV/nuc. Voyager measurements of this ratio at low energies and AMS-2 measurements at high energies are used in this study. These measurements both considerably exceed at both low and high energies the ratio predicted using a simple Leaky Box Model for propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy. Between 1-70 GeV/nuc, however, this same model provides an excellent fit (within +2-3%) to the new AMS-2 measurements using an escape length ~P-0.45. This would imply a diffusion coefficient ~P0.45, very close to the Kraichian cascade value of 0.50 for the exponent. Extending this same diffusion dependence to high energies, still in a LBM, along with a truncation of short path lengths in the galaxy will predict a B/C ratio of 4.5% at ~800 GeV/nuc which is very close to the AMS-2 measurement at that energy. This would indicate that the amount of material traversed near the source in a Nested LBM, for example, is less than about 0.5 g/cm2 at these energies since this process, with additional matter near the sources, would increase the B/C ratio. At low energies, however, the B/C ratio of 14% +3% at ~10 MeV/nuc measured by Voyager is more difficult to explain. The same parameters used in a LBM that fit the high energy B/C measurements predicts a B/C ratio of only ~4% at 10 MeV/nuc where the path length is about 1.5 g/cm2. If the cosmic rays have traversed ~10 g/cm2 of material in the galaxy at low energies the prediction for B/C is still only 8%, which is between 2.0-3.0 sigma below the measurement and its errors.
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Voyager 1 Measurements Beyond the Heliopause of Galactic Cosmic Ray Helium, Boron, Carbon, Oxygen, Magnesium, Silicon and Iron Nuclei with Energies 0.5 to >1.5 GeV/nuc
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The Intensities of Cosmic Ray H and He Nuclei at ~250 MeV/nuc Measured by Voyagers 1 and 2 - Using these Intensities to Determine the Solar Modulation Parameter in the Inner Heliosphere and the Heliosheath Over a 40 Year Time Period
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Cosmic Ray Electrons and Protons ~1 MeV - A 40 Year Study of Their Intensities from the Earth to the Heliopause and Beyond Into Local Interstellar Space by the CRS Experiment on Voyager 1
Recovery of 150-250 MeV Cosmic Ray Proton Intensities Between 2004-2010 as Measured Near the Earth, at Voyager 2 and also in the Heliosheath at Voyager 1 - A Two Zone Heliosphere
Voyager 1 and 2 Observations of Cosmic Ray Intensities in the North-South Heliosheaths-Implications for the Latitude Extent of the Heliospheric Current Sheet and Radial Structure in the Heliosheath
The Different Shapes of the LIS Energy Spectra of Cosmic Ray He and C Nuclei Below ~1 GeV/nuc and The Cosmic Ray He/C Nuclei Ratio vs. Energy -V1 Measurements and LBM Propagation Predictions
