VNA校准标准品的单端口正反向表征方法
One-Port Direct/Reverse Method for Characterizing VNA Calibration Standards
摘要：
本文介绍了一种估计矢量网络分析仪校准标准模型参数的单端口方法。该方法包括通过以直接模式连接的非对称无源网络测量标准，然后以反向模式连接，并使用这些测量来计算网络的S参数。校准标准品的自由参数是通过最小化基于在直接和反向模式下使用时网络的S参数的预期相等性的品质因数来估计的。该方法的能力，通过仿真证明，和真实的测量被用来估计实际的偏移延迟的50- $\mathbfΩ$校准负载，由制造商分配为零延迟。估计延迟为$38.8$ ps，对于该特定负载，$1σ$不确定性为$2.1$ ps。这一结果通过对一家终止运营的航空公司的测量得到了验证。当使用新的负载延迟估计校准参考平面时，测量结果与航空公司的理论模型更好地吻合。
英文摘要：
This paper introduces a one-port method for estimating model parameters of VNA calibration standards. The method involves measuring the standards through an asymmetrical passive network connected in direct mode and then in reverse mode, and using these measurements to compute the S-parameters of the network. The free parameters of the calibration standards are estimated by minimizing a figure of merit based on the expected equality of the S-parameters of the network when used in direct and reverse modes. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated through simulations, and real measurements are used to estimate the actual offset delay of a 50-$\mathbfΩ$ calibration load that is assigned zero delay by the manufacturer. The estimated delay is $38.8$ ps with a $1σ$ uncertainty of $2.1$ ps for this particular load. This result is verified through measurements of a terminated airline. The measurements agree better with theoretical models of the airline when the reference plane is calibrated using the new estimate for the load delay.
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