溃缩弹刚渠道的再开模态
Reopening modes of a collapsed elasto-rigid channel
摘要：
受强烈塌陷气道的重新开放力学的启发，我们研究了空气指通过具有单个顺应壁的塌陷充油通道的稳定传播。在先前使用完全顺应性弹性管的研究中，发现“尖的”空气指以高速和低压传播，这可以使高度塌陷的气道快速重新开放，同时组织损伤最小（Heap & Juel 2008）。在本文中，我们确定的选择机制，指出手指，这仍然无法解释，进行实验研究，在一个刚性的矩形Hele-Shaw通道与弹性的顶部边界。该弹性刚性通道的本构行为大致类似于弹性管的本构行为，但与管不同的是，通道的横截面从未变形状态到第一近壁接触点采用自相似形状。血管几何形状的简化使得能够系统地研究初始塌陷方面的重新开放动力学。我们发现，对于低水平的初始崩溃，一个单一的中心对称手指在通道中传播，其形状是由尖端曲率。随着塌陷程度的增加，通道横截面形成了一个近相对壁接触的中心区域，并且指状件形状平滑地朝向“平头”指状件演变，该指状件的几何形状由通道壁附近的强深度梯度设定。我们表明，重新开放的平顶模式类似于在管中观察到的手指。它的传播是持续的血管的极端横截面轮廓在高崩溃，而血管顺应性稳定it.A简单的缩放参数的基础上的耗散功率显示，这种重新开放模式是优选的，在较高的传播速度时，它变得有利于取代弹性通道壁，而不是粘性流体。
英文摘要：
Motivated by the reopening mechanics of strongly collapsed airways, we study the steady propagation of an air finger through a collapsed oil-filled channel with a single compliant wall. In a previous study using fully-compliant elastic tubes, a `pointed' air finger was found to propagate at high speed and low pressure, which may enable rapid reopening of highly collapsed airways with minimal tissue damage (Heap & Juel 2008). In this paper, we identify the selection mechanism of that pointed finger, which remained unexplained, by conducting an experimental study in a rigid rectangular Hele-Shaw channel with an elastic top boundary. The constitutive behaviour of this elasto-rigid channel is broadly similar to that of an elastic tube, but unlike the tube the channel's cross-section adopts self-similar shapes from the undeformed state to the point of first near wall contact. The simplification of the vessel geometry enables the systematic investigation of the reopening dynamics in terms of initial collapse. We find that for low levels of initial collapse, a single centred symmetric finger propagates in the channel and its shape is set by the tip curvature. As the level of collapse increases, the channel cross-section develops a central region of near opposite wall contact, and the finger shape evolves smoothly towards a `flat-tipped' finger whose geometry is set by the strong depth gradient near the channel walls. We show that the flat-tipped mode of reopening is analogous to the pointed finger observed in tubes. Its propagation is sustained by the vessel's extreme cross-sectional profile at high collapse, while vessel compliance stabilises it. A simple scaling argument based on the dissipated power reveals that this reopening mode is preferred at higher propagation speeds when it becomes favourable to displace the elastic channel wall rather than the viscous fluid.
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