非厄米特声学超材料，通过访问例外点来完全控制声音
Non-Hermitian acoustic metamaterial for the complete control of sound by accessing the exceptional points
摘要：
非厄米系统由于其固有的能量不守恒能量守恒和信息丢失，在波操纵中总是起着消极的作用。然而，最近，利用非厄米特系统来实现各种神奇的波控制出现了范式转变。例如，宇称时间对称介质与精心设计的损失和增益，以创建一个非平凡的单向衍射的效果，这是观察附近的例外点（EP）的非厄米特系统。在这里，我们报告的非厄米声学超材料（NHAM）的设计和实现，并表明，通过明智地定制的固有损耗，反射的相位和幅度可能被调谐在一个去耦的方式。这种相位和幅度的解耦调谐与EP密切相关。作为功能的演示，我们通过NHAM实验生成高质量的声学全息图。我们的工作可能为实现声音的完全控制开辟一个新的自由度。
英文摘要：
Non-Hermitian systems always play a negative role in wave manipulations due to inherent non-conservation of energy as well as loss of information. Recently, however, there has been a paradigm shift on utilizing non-Hermitian systems to implement varied miraculous wave controlling. For example, parity-time symmetric media with well-designed loss and gain are presented to create a nontrivial effect of unidirectional diffraction, which is observed near the exceptional points (EPs) in the non-Hermitian systems. Here, we report the design and realization of non-Hermitian acoustic metamaterial (NHAM) and show that by judiciously tailoring the inherent loss, the phase and amplitude of reflection can possibly be tuned in a decoupled manner. Such decoupled tuning of phase and amplitude is closely related to the EPs. As a demonstration of functionality, we experimentally generate a high-quality acoustic hologram via NHAM. Our work may open a new degree of freedom for realizing the complete control of sound.
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