Skyrmion黑洞毛：黑洞对重子数的守恒和可观测的表现
Skyrmion Black Hole Hair: Conservation of Baryon Number by Black Holes and Observable Manifestations
摘要：
我们表明，存在的黑洞与经典的skyrmion头发无效的标准证明，全球的费用，如重子数，不能保存的黑洞。通过仔细分析基于Gedanken实验的标准参数，其中一个黑洞无法返回它所吞噬的重子数，我们发现这个推理中的不一致之处，它既没有考虑到skyrmion黑洞的存在，也没有考虑到重子/skyrmion对应。然后，我们进行了一个改进的Gedanken实验，结合新的知识，并表明没有矛盾的重子数守恒发生在任何阶段的黑洞演化。我们的分析还表明，半经典黑洞与任意弱于引力的重子规范相互作用的存在并不矛盾。其次，我们研究了最小耦合无质量探测标量场被Skyrmion黑洞散射的经典截面。我们调查如何skyrmion头发表现出自己的比较这个横截面与类似的横截面所造成的史瓦西黑洞具有相同的ADM质量的skyrmion黑洞。在这里，我们发现在截面中的特征峰的位置的一阶差。当skyrmion毛发存在时，峰被移动到较小的散射角。这是因为与具有相同ADM质量的史瓦西黑洞相比，skyrmion hair改变了黑洞的近视界几何。我们保持这第二个方面的研究一般，使我们得到的定性结果也可以适用于黑洞的经典头发的不同种类。
英文摘要：
We show that the existence of black holes with classical skyrmion hair invalidates standard proofs that global charges, such as the baryon number, cannot be conserved by a black hole. By carefully analyzing the standard arguments based on a Gedankenexperiment in which a black hole is seemingly-unable to return the baryon number that it swallowed, we identify inconsistencies in this reasoning, which does not take into the account neither the existence of skyrmion black holes nor the baryon/skyrmion correspondence. We then perform a refined Gedankenexperiment by incorporating the new knowledge and show that no contradiction with conservation of baryon number takes place at any stage of black hole evolution. Our analysis also indicates no conflict between semi-classical black holes and the existence of baryonic gauge interaction arbitrarily-weaker than gravity. Next, we study classical cross sections of a minimally-coupled massless probe scalar field scattered by a skyrmion black hole. We investigate how the skyrmion hair manifests itself by comparing this cross section with the analogous cross section caused by a Schwarzschild black hole which has the same ADM mass as the skyrmion black hole. Here we find an order-one difference in the positions of the characteristic peaks in the cross sections. The peaks are shifted to smaller scattering angles when the skyrmion hair is present. This comes from the fact that the skyrmion hair changes the near horizon geometry of the black hole when compared to a Schwarzschild black hole with same ADM mass. We keep the study of this second aspect general so that the qualitative results which we obtain can also be applied to black holes with classical hair of different kind.
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