高阶循环心理物理系统的情境性检验
Testing Contextuality in Cyclic Psychophysical Systems of High Ranks
摘要：
默认语境（CbD）理论允许人们将语境与语境相关的错误和违反选择性影响（又名“无信号”或“无干扰”原则）分开。这使得该理论特别适用于行为系统，在这些系统中，选择性影响的违背是普遍存在的。对于具有二元随机变量的循环系统，CbD提供了非上下文性的充分必要条件，并且已知这些条件在某些量子系统中被打破。我们应用循环系统理论的心理物理双重检测实验中，观察者被要求确定存在或不存在的两个同时提出的刺激中的每一个信号属性。正如之前分析的所有其他行为和社会系统一样，结果表明缺乏情境性。背景在双重检测中的作用局限于缺乏选择性：对一种刺激的反应分布受到另一种刺激状态的影响。
英文摘要：
The Contextuality-by-Default (CbD) theory allows one to separate contextuality from context-dependent errors and violations of selective influences (aka "no-signaling" or "no-disturbance" principles). This makes the theory especially applicable to behavioral systems, where violations of selective influences are ubiquitous. For cyclic systems with binary random variables, CbD provides necessary and sufficient conditions for noncontextuality, and these conditions are known to be breached in certain quantum systems. We apply the theory of cyclic systems to a psychophysical double-detection experiment, in which observers were asked to determine presence or absence of a signal property in each of two simultaneously presented stimuli. The results, as in all other behavioral and social systems previous analyzed, indicate lack of contextuality. The role of context in double-detection is confined to lack of selectiveness: the distribution of responses to one of the stimuli is influenced by the state of the other stimulus.
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