$ψ$ -认知模型，爱因斯坦直觉，和No-Gos。对量子态研究进展的批判性研究
$ψ$-Epistemic Models, Einsteinian Intuitions, and No-Gos. A Critical Study of Recent Developments on the Quantum State
摘要：
众所周知，量子力学面临着测量问题，如果仔细阅读，它意味着测量过程中不存在确定的结果。对这一点和相关问题的一个合理的反应是把系统的量子态$|ψ\rangle$仅仅看作是我们对系统缺乏知识的一个指示，即，从认识上解释它。然而，有完全不同的方法来阐明这种量子态的认识论观点。我们在这里调查最近的事态发展的分支，介绍隐藏变量$λ$除了量子态$|ψ\rangle$，并有其根源爱因斯坦的意见。特别是，我们面对一个具体的模型，已被认为是作为证据的认知观点的设想的那种，以及具体的不去的结果和他们的进口声称的成就。有人会说，虽然这种特殊类型的认识论解释并没有被不可行的结果直接排除，但它们表明，所讨论的模型的证据特征建立在一个相当不稳定的基础上，而且它们使文献中广泛认可的一些成就似乎值得怀疑。
英文摘要：
Quantum mechanics notoriously faces the measurement problem, the problem that if read thoroughly, it implies the nonexistence of definite outcomes in measurement procedures. A plausible reaction to this and to related problems is to regard a system's quantum state $|ψ\rangle$ merely as an indication of our lack of knowledge about the system, i.e., to interpret it epistemically. However, there are radically different ways to spell out such an epistemic view of the quantum state. We here investigate recent developments in the branch that introduces hidden variables $λ$ in addition to the quantum state $|ψ\rangle$ and has its roots in Einstein's views. In particular, we confront purported achievements of a concrete model that has been considered to serve as evidence for an epistemic view of the envisioned kind, as well as specific no-go results and their import. It will be argued that while an epistemic account of the particular kind is not straightforwardly ruled out by the no-go results, they demonstrate that the evidential character of the model(s) discussed rests on a rather shaky foundation, and that they make some achievements widely recognized in the literature appear worthy of doubt.
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