WiSPA：一种处理广泛寄生的新方法
WiSPA: A new approach for dealing with widespread parasitism
摘要：
传统上，对共同进化系统的研究考虑了寄生虫可能只栖息在单一宿主中的情况。一种寄生虫可以感染许多宿主的情况，即广泛寄生，直到最近才得到了很少的关注。这部分是由于重建共同进化历史所涉及的计算复杂性，其中寄生虫可能只感染单个宿主，这是NP-困难的。允许寄生虫居住在一个以上的主机已经被认为只会进一步复杂化这个计算上棘手的问题。然而，最近，完善的算法估计的问题的情况下，寄生虫可能只感染一个主机已扩展到处理广泛的寄生虫。虽然这已经提供了显著的进步，但已经注意到这些算法处理寄生在遗传学上遥远的宿主中的寄生虫很差。在这项工作中，我们扩展了这些以前的算法来处理寄生虫栖息在遗传学上遥远的主机使用一个额外的进化事件，我们称之为传播的情况下。我们的新框架表明，推断显着更一致的共同进化的历史相比，现有的方法在合成和生物学数据集。然后，我们应用新提出的算法，我们称之为WiSPA（WideSpread Parasitism Analyser），充分研究的灵长类动物和蛲虫（蛲虫）的共同进化系统，现有的方法已经无法调和广泛存在的寄生虫，而不允许额外的分歧事件。使用WiSPA和新的生物事件，传播，我们提供了第一个统计上显着的共同进化的假设，这个系统。
英文摘要：
Traditionally, studies of coevolving systems have considered cases where a parasite may inhabit only a single host. The case where a parasite may infect many hosts, widespread parasitism, has until recently gained little traction. This is due in part to the computational complexity involved in reconstructing the coevolutionary histories where parasites may infect only a single host, which is NP-Hard. Allowing parasites to inhabit more than one host has been seen to only further compound this computationally intractable problem. Recently however, well-established algorithms for estimating the problem instance where a parasite may infect only a single host have been extended to handle widespread parasites. Although this has offered significant progress, it has been noted that these algorithms poorly handle parasites that inhabit phylogenetically distant hosts. In this work we extend these previous algorithms to handle cases where parasites inhabit phylogenetically distant hosts using an additional evolutionary event which we call spread. Our new framework is shown to infer significantly more congruent coevolutionary histories compared to existing methods over both synthetic and biological data sets. We then apply the newly proposed algorithm, which we call WiSPA (WideSpread Parasitism Analyser), to the well studied coevolutionary system of Primates and Enterobius (pinworms), where existing methods have been unable to reconcile the widespread parasitism present without permitting additional divergence events. Using WiSPA and the new biological event, spread, we provide the first statistically significant coevolutionary hypothesis for this system.
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