arXiv 1603.090082016-03-30astro-ph.EP

对第九行星的观测限制：冥王星和其他海王星外天体的天体测量

Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Astrometry of Pluto and Other Trans-Neptunian Objects

Matthew J. Holman, Matthew J. Payne

DOI：: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/4/80

摘要：

我们使用冥王星和其他TNO的天体测量来限制Batygin和Brown（2016）假设的可能的额外行星（行星九）的天空位置，距离和质量。我们发现，在广阔的天空区域，包含一个巨大的，遥远的行星降低了适合的观测。然而，在其他地区，通过增加这样一颗行星，拟合得到了显著改善。我们的最佳拟合表明，一颗行星的质量比Batygin和Brown（2016）基于遥远的海王星外天体的轨道分布（或Fienga et al.（2016）基于卡西尼飞船测量的距离）所认为的更大或更近。倾向于更大和更近的扰动行星的趋势是由冥王星天体测量的残差驱动的，使用现代恒星目录（Buie和Folkner 2015）从照相板重新测量，这表明在20年的时间里，在decliter中有一个明显的趋势，这驱动了对大扰动的偏好。虽然这种趋势可能是观测中未知来源的系统误差的结果，但一个可能的解决方案是，这种deconstructive趋势可能是由于来自一个天体的扰动，除了第九行星之外，它更接近冥王星，但质量比第九行星小。

英文摘要：

We use astrometry of Pluto and other TNOs to constrain the sky location, distance, and mass of the possible additional planet (Planet Nine) hypothesized by Batygin and Brown (2016). We find that over broad regions of the sky, the inclusion of a massive, distant planet degrades the fits to the observations. However, in other regions, the fits are significantly improved by the addition of such a planet. Our best fits suggest a planet that is either more massive or closer than argued for by Batygin and Brown (2016) based on the orbital distribution of distant trans-neptunian objects (or by Fienga et al. (2016) based on range measured to the Cassini spacecraft). The trend to favor larger and closer perturbing planets is driven by the residuals to the astrometry of Pluto, remeasured from photographic plates using modern stellar catalogs (Buie and Folkner 2015), which show a clear trend in declination, over the course of two decades, that drive a preference for large perturbations. Although this trend may be the result of systematic errors of unknown origin in the observations, a possible resolution is that the declination trend may be due to perturbations from a body, additional to Planet Nine , that is closer to Pluto, but less massive than, Planet Nine .

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