含时微扰下软纳米系统的电荷和热输运
Charge and heat transport of soft nanosystems in the presence of time-dependent perturbations
摘要：
软纳米系统是电子纳米器件，例如悬浮的碳纳米管或分子结，其传输特性由软内部自由度调制，例如慢振动模式。在这篇综述中，电子振动耦合对软纳米系统的电荷和热输运的影响进行了理论研究，在存在与时间相关的扰动，如强迫天线或泵送条款之间的引线和纳米系统。一个行之有效的方法适用于非平衡绝热制度的情况下，外部依赖于时间的扰动。然后，一些相关的应用程序的方法进行审查的系统组成的量子点（或分子）由一个单一的电子能级耦合到一个振动模式。在引入含时微扰之前，讨论了绝热方法的有效性范围，表明在低能级占有的限制下，与精确量子计算的结果非常一致。这篇综述的目的是讨论不同的软纳米系统在外部驱动下的共同特征。当外力与慢振动模近似共振时，得到了由含时微扰引起的最有趣的效应。事实上，不仅外部强迫可以增强电子响应，但它也诱导非线性制度，其中电子和振动自由度之间的相互作用起着重要作用。
英文摘要：
Soft nanosystems are electronic nanodevices, such as suspended carbon nanotubes or molecular junctions, whose transport properties are modulated by soft internal degrees of freedom, for example slow vibrational modes. In this review, effects of the electron-vibration coupling on the charge and heat transport of soft nanoscopic systems are theoretically investigated in the presence of time-dependent perturbations, such as a forcing antenna or pumping terms between the leads and the nanosystem. A well established approach valid for non-equilibrium adiabatic regimes is generalized to the case where external time-dependent perturbations are present. Then, a number of relevant applications of the method are reviewed for systems composed by a quantum dot (or molecule) described by a single electronic level coupled to a vibrational mode. Before introducing time-dependent perturbations, the range of validity of the adiabatic approach is discussed showing that a very good agreement with the results of an exact quantum calculation is obtained in the limit of low level occupation. Aim of this review has been to discuss common features of different soft nanosystems under external drive. The most interesting effects induced by time-dependent perturbations are obtained when the external forcing is nearly resonant with the slow vibrational modes. Indeed, not only the external forcing can enhance the electronic response, but it also induces nonlinear regimes where the interplay between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom plays a major role.
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