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arXiv 1603.04441astro-ph.CO
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变形张量方法揭示z~2.5宇宙网的三维Lyman-Alpha森林层析成像

Revealing the z~2.5 Cosmic Web With 3D Lyman-Alpha Forest Tomography: A Deformation Tensor Approach

Khee-Gan Lee, Martin White

摘要:

对宇宙学物体的研究应考虑到它们在大尺度结构的宇宙网中的位置。不幸的是,宇宙网只在低红移($z<1$)下被广泛映射,使用星系红移作为底层密度场的示踪剂。在$z>1$,所需的星系密度在可预见的未来是无法达到的,但在紧密分离的背景类星体和恒星形成星系中的莱曼- $α$森林吸收的3D重建已经提供了一个详细的窗口到$z\sim2-3$大尺度结构。我们量化的效用,这样的地图研究宇宙网络使用现实的$z=2.5$ Ly $α$森林模拟相匹配的观测性能即将到来的调查。基于变形张量的分析被用来对通量中的空隙、片、丝和节点进行分类,并将其与从底层暗物质场确定的那些进行比较。我们发现一个非常好的对应关系,与$70\%$的流量地图正确分类相对于暗物质网络的体积,和$99\%$分类在1本征值。这与基于星系的分类器的性能相比毫不逊色,即使是在低红移的最高星系密度。我们发现,狭窄的调查几何形状会降低宇宙网的恢复,除非调查是$\gtrsim 60\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}$或$\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{deg}$的天空。我们还研究了作为宇宙网络的函数的晕丰度,并发现一个明确的依赖作为通量过密的函数,但很少明确依赖于宇宙网络。这些方法将提供一个新的窗口,在这个非常特殊的时间在星系的形成,“正午”的星系的宇宙学环境,并在这个时代的宇宙学结构的整体性能。

英文摘要:

Studies of cosmological objects should take into account their positions within the cosmic web of large-scale structure. Unfortunately, the cosmic web has only been extensively mapped at low-redshifts ($z<1$), using galaxy redshifts as tracers of the underlying density field. At $z>1$, the required galaxy densities are inaccessible for the foreseeable future, but 3D reconstructions of Lyman-$α$ forest absorption in closely-separated background QSOs and star-forming galaxies already offer a detailed window into $z\sim2-3$ large-scale structure. We quantify the utility of such maps for studying the cosmic web by using realistic $z=2.5$ Ly$α$ forest simulations matched to observational properties of upcoming surveys. A deformation tensor-based analysis is used to classify voids, sheets, filaments and nodes in the flux, which is compared to those determined from the underlying dark matter field. We find an extremely good correspondence, with $70\%$ of the volume in the flux maps correctly classified relative to the dark matter web, and $99\%$ classified to within 1 eigenvalue. This compares favorably to the performance of galaxy-based classifiers with even the highest galaxy densities at low-redshift. We find that narrow survey geometries can degrade the cosmic web recovery unless the survey is $\gtrsim 60\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{Mpc}$ or $\gtrsim 1\,\mathrm{deg}$ on the sky. We also examine halo abundances as a function of the cosmic web, and find a clear dependence as a function of flux overdensity, but little explicit dependence on the cosmic web. These methods will provide a new window on cosmological environments of galaxies at this very special time in galaxy formation, "high noon", and on overall properties of cosmological structures at this epoch.

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