Self-accelerating backgrounds in massive gravity provide an arena to explore the Cauchy problem for derivatively coupled fields that obey complex constraints which reduce the phase space degrees of freedom. We present here an algorithm based on the Kronecker form of a matrix pencil that finds all hidden constraints, for example those associated with derivatives of the equations of motion, and characteristic curves for any 1+1 dimensional system of linear partial differential equations. With the Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli decomposition of metric perturbations into angular momentum and parity states, this technique applies to fully 3+1 dimensional perturbations of massive gravity around any isotropic self-accelerating background. Five spin modes of the massive graviton propagate once the constraints are imposed: two spin-2 modes with luminal characteristics present in the massless theory as well as two spin-1 modes and one spin-0 mode. Although the new modes all possess the same - typically spacelike - characteristic curves, the spin-1 modes are parabolic while the spin-0 modes are hyperbolic. The joint system, which remains coupled by non-derivative terms, cannot be solved as a simple Cauchy problem from a single non-characteristic surface. We also illustrate the generality of the algorithm with other cases where derivative constraints reduce the number of propagating degrees of freedom or order of the equations.
Within the framework of the recently proposed ghost-free massive gravity, a cosmological constant-type self-accelerating solution has been obtained for Minkowski and de Sitter reference metrics. We ease the assumption on the reference metric and find the self-accelerating solution for the reference metric respecting only isotropy, thus considerably extending the range of known solutions.
We study linear perturbations around time dependent spherically symmetric solutions in the Lambda_3 massive gravity theory, which self-accelerate in the vacuum. We find that the dynamics of the scalar perturbations depend on the coordinate choice for the background solutions. For particular choices of coordinates there is a symmetry enhancement, leaving no propagating scalar degrees of freedom at linear order in perturbations. In contrast, any other coordinate choice propagates a single scalar mode. We find that the Hamiltonian of this scalar mode is unbounded from below for all self-accelerat…
We undertake a complete and covariant treatment for the quadratic Lagrangian of all of the degrees of freedom of massive gravity with a fixed flat fiducial metric for arbitrary massive gravity parameters around any isotropic self-accelerating background solution. Generically, 3 out of 4 Stuckelberg degrees of freedom propagate in addition to the usual 2 tensor degrees of freedom of general relativity. The complete kinetic structure typically is only revealed at an order in the graviton mass that is equivalently to retaining curvature terms in a locally flat expansion. These results resolve sev…
We present an exact solution to the equations of massive gravity that displays cosmological constant-like behavior for any spherically symmetric distribution of matter, including arbitrary time dependence. On this solution, the new degrees of freedom from the massive graviton generate a cosmological constant-like contribution to stress-energy that does not interact directly with other matter sources. When the effective cosmological constant contribution dominates over other sources of stress energy the cosmological expansion self-accelerates, even when no other dark-energy-like ingredients are…
We study cosmological perturbations of self-accelerating universe solutions in the recently proposed nonlinear theory of massive gravity, with general matter content. While the broken diffeomorphism invariance implies that there generically are 2 tensor, 2 vector and 2 scalar degrees of freedom in the gravity sector, we find that the scalar and vector degrees have vanishing kinetic terms and nonzero mass terms. Depending on their nonlinear behavior, this indicates either nondynamical nature of these degrees or strong couplings. Assuming the former, we integrate out the 2 vector and 2 scalar de…
We explore the possibility of realising self-accelerated expansion of the Universe taking into account the vector components of a massive graviton. The effective action in the decoupling limit contains an infinite number of terms, once the vector degrees of freedom are included. These can be re-summed in physically interesting situations, which result in non-polynomial couplings between the scalar and vector modes. We show there are self-accelerating background solutions for this effective action, with the possibility of having a non-trivial profile for the vector fields. We then study fluctua…
Within the theory of the ghost-free bigravity, we present the most general cosmological solution for which the physical metric is homogeneous and isotropic, while the second metric is inhomogeneous. The solution includes a matter source and exists for any values of the theory parameters. The physical metric describes a universe with the late time acceleration due to the effective cosmological term mimicked by the graviton mass. When perturbed, this universe should rest approximately homogeneous and isotropic in space regions small compared to the graviton Compton length. In the limit where the…
The theory of massive gravity possesses ambiguities when the spacetime metric evolves far from the non-dynamical fiducial metric used to define it. We explicitly construct a spherically symmetric example case where the metric evolves to a coordinate-independent determinant singularity which does not exist in the initial conditions. Both the metric and the vierbein formulation of the theory are ill-defined at this point. In unitary gauge, the chart of the spacetime ends at this point and does not cover the full spacetime whereas the spherically symmetric vierbeins, or zweibeins, of the fiducial…
Self-accelerating solutions in massive gravity provide explicit, calculable examples that exhibit the general interplay between superluminality, the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem, and strong coupling. For three particular classes of vacuum solutions, one of which is new to this work, we construct the conformal diagram for the characteristic surfaces on which isotropic stress-energy perturbations propagate. With one exception, all solutions necessarily possess spacelike characteristics, indicating perturbative superluminality. Foliating the spacetime with these surfaces gives a pathologi…
Massive gravity is a good theoretical laboratory to study modifications of General Relativity. The theory offers a concrete set-up to study models of dark energy, since it admits cosmological self-accelerating solutions in the vacuum, in which the size of the acceleration depends on the graviton mass. Moreover, non-linear gravitational self-interactions, in the proximity of a matter source, manage to mimic the predictions of linearised General Relativity, hence agreeing with solar-system precision measurements. In this article, we review our work in the subject, classifying, on one hand, stati…
We present the detailed derivation of the recently announced most general cosmological solution with homogeneous and isotropic metric in the ghost-free massive gravity theory. We use the standard parametrization of the theory in terms of the matrix square root, and then show how the same results are recovered within the tetrad formulation. The solution obtained includes the matter source, it exists for generic values of the theory parameters, and it describes a universe that can be spatially open, closed, or flat, and that shows the late time acceleration due to the effective cosmological term…
The ghost-free theory of massive gravity has exact solutions where the effective stress energy generated by the graviton mass term is a cosmological constant for any isotropic metric. Since they are exact, these solutions mimic a cosmological constant in the presence of any matter-induced isotropic metric perturbation. In the Stueckelberg formulation, this stress energy is carried entirely by the spatial Stueckelberg field. We show that any stress energy carried by fluctuations in the spatial field away from the exact solution always decays away in an expanding universe. However, the dynamics …
We investigate vector contributions to the Lagrangian of $Λ_3-$massive gravity in the decoupling limit, the less explored sector of this theory. The main purpose is to understand the stability of maximally symmetric %self-accelerating vacuum solutions. Around self-accelerating configurations, vector degrees of freedom become strongly coupled since their kinetic terms vanish, so their dynamics is controlled by higher order interactions. Even in the decoupling limit, the vector Lagrangian contains an infinite number of terms. We develop a systematic method to covariantly determine the vector Lag…
We study cosmological perturbations around self-accelerating solutions to two extensions of nonlinear massive gravity: the quasi-dilaton theory and the mass-varying theory. We examine stability of the cosmological solutions, and the extent to which the vanishing of the kinetic terms for scalar and vector perturbations of self-accelerating solutions in massive gravity is generic when the theory is extended. We find that these kinetic terms are in general non-vanishing in both extensions, though there are constraints on the parameters and background evolution from demanding that they have the co…
We present a survey of the known cosmological and black hole solutions in ghost-free bigravity and massive gravity theories. These can be divided into three classes. First, there are solutions with proportional metrics, which are the same as in General Relativity with a cosmological term, which can be positive, negative or zero. Secondly, for spherically symmetric systems, there are solutions with non-bidiagonal metrics. The g-metric fulfills Einstein equations with a positive cosmological term and a matter source, while the f-metric is anti-de Sitter. The third class contains solutions with b…
The existence of two metrics in massive gravity theories in principle allows solutions where there are singularities in new scalar invariants jointly constructed from them. These configurations occur when the two metrics differ substantially from each other, as in black hole and cosmological solutions. The simplest class of such singularities are determinant singularities. We investigate whether the dynamics of bimetric massive gravity -- where the second metric is allowed to evolve jointly with the spacetime metric -- can avoid these singularities. We investigate whether the dynamics of bimet…
We introduce a quasidilaton scalar field to the minimal theory of massive gravity with the Minkowski fiducial metric, in such a way that the quasidilaton global symmetry is maintained and that the theory admits a stable self-accelerating de Sitter solution. We start with a precursor theory that contains three propagating gravitational degrees of freedom without a quasidilaton scalar and introduce Stückelberg fields to covariantize its action. This makes it possible for us to formulate the quasidilaton global symmetry that mixes the Stückelberg fields and the quasidilaton scalar field. By the H…
The minimal theory of quasidilaton massive gravity allows for a stable self-accelerating de Sitter solution in a wide range of parameters. On the other hand, in order for the theory to be compatible with local gravity tests, the fifth force due to the quasidilaton scalar needs to be screened at local scales. The present paper thus extends the theory by inclusion of a cubic Horndeski term in a way that (i) respects the quasidilaton global symmetry, that (ii) maintains the physical degrees of freedom in the theory being three, that (iii) can accommodate the Vainshtein screening mechanism and tha…
We extend the recently proposal of hidden conformal symmetry to the self-dual warped AdS$_3$ black holes in topological massive gravity. It is shown that the wave equation of massive scalar field with sufficient small angular momentum can be reproduced by the SL(2, R) Casimir quadratic operator. Due to the periodic identification in the $ϕ$ direction, it is found that only the left section of hidden conformal symmetry is broken to U(1), while the right section is unbroken, which only gives the left temperature of dual CFT. As a check of the dual CFT conjecture of self-warped AdS$_3$ black hole…
We covariantize the decoupling limit of massive gravity proposed in arXiv:1011.1232 and study the cosmology of this theory as a proxy, which embodies key features of the fully non-linear covariant theory. We first confirm that it exhibits a self-accelerating solution, similar to what has been found in arXiv:1010.1780, where the Hubble parameter corresponds to the graviton mass. For a certain range of parameters fluctuations relative to the self-accelerating background are stable and form an attractor solution. We also show that a degravitating solution can not be constructed in this covarianti…
We present the first example of a unitary theory of Lorentz-invariant massive gravity, with all degrees of freedom propagating on a strictly homogeneous and isotropic, self-accelerating de Sitter background. The theory is a simple extension of the quasidilaton theory, respecting the symmetry of the original theory but allowing for a new type of coupling between the massive graviton and the quasidilaton scalar.
The minimal theory of massive gravity (MTMG) has two branches of stable cosmological solutions: a self-accelerating branch, which, except for the mass of tensor modes has exactly the same behavior of linear perturbations as $Λ$CDM in general relativity (GR), and a normal branch with nontrivial behavior. We explore the influence of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe-galaxy correlation constraints on the normal branch of MTMG, which, in its simplest implementation, has one free parameter more than $Λ$CDM in GR (or the self-accelerating branch of MTMG): $θ$. This parameter is related to the graviton mass…
We show that a massive scalar field on a 2-dimensional Anti-De Sitter space can be mapped by means of a time-dependent canonical transformation into a massless free field theory when the mass square of the field is equal to minus the curvature of the background metric. We also provide the (hidden) conformal symmetry of the massive scalar field.
We present a review of cosmological solutions in non-linear massive gravity, focusing on the stability of perturbations. Although homogeneous and isotropic solutions have been found, these are now known to suffer from either Higuchi ghost or a new non-linear ghost instability. We discuss two approaches to alleviate this issue. By relaxing the symmetry of the background by e.g. breaking isotropy in the hidden sector, it is possible to accommodate a stable cosmological solution. Alternatively, extending the theory to allow for new dynamical degrees of freedom can also remove the conditions which…
As massive gravity and its extensions offer physically well-defined gravitational theories with a nonzero graviton mass, we present a new extension of the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT)massive gravity, which is tachyonic massive gravity theory. We firstly introduce the new extension of the dRGT massive gravity, constructed by adding a tachyonic term. We then find the cosmological background equations, and present the analysis of self-accelerating solutions. We examine the tensor perturbations to calculate the dispersion relation of gravitational waves (GWs). In a special case, we consider a c…
We investigate the cosmological perturbations around FLRW solutions to non- linear massive gravity with a new effective coupling to matter proposed recently. Unlike the case with minimal matter coupling, all five degrees of freedom in the gravity sector propagate on generic self-accelerating FLRW backgrounds. We study the stability of the cosmological solutions and put constraints on the parameters of the theory by demanding the correct sign for the kinetic terms for scalar, vector and tensor perturbations.
In this letter, we show that any solution of general relativity (GR) that can be rendered spatially flat by a coordinate change is also a solution of the self-accelerating branch of the minimal theory of massive gravity (MTMG), with or without matter. We then for the first time obtain black hole and star solutions in a theory of massive gravity that agree with the corresponding solutions in GR and that are free from strong coupling issues. This in particular implies that the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters $β^{\rm PPN}$ and $γ^{\rm PPN}$ are unity, as in GR. We further show how these so…
We give a detailed discussion of the use of the (3+1) decomposition and of Bardeen's variables in massive gravity linearized over a Minkowski as well as over a de Sitter background. In Minkowski space the Bardeen "potential" Φ, that in the massless case is a non-radiative degree of freedom, becomes radiative and describes the helicity-0 component of the massive graviton. Its dynamics is governed by a simple Klein-Gordon action, supplemented by a term (\Box Φ)^2 if we do not make the Fierz-Pauli tuning of the mass term. In de Sitter the identification of the variable that describes the radiativ…
We construct de Sitter branes in a flat bulk of massive gravity in $5D$. We find two branches of solutions, reminiscent of the normal and self-accelerating branches in DGP, but with rather different properties. Neither branch has a self-accelerating limit: the background geometry requires having a nonvanishing tension. On the other hand, on both branches there are sub-branches where the leading order contributions of the tension to the curvature cancel. In these cases it turns out that larger tensions curve the background less. Further, both branches support a localized $4D$ massless graviton …
We present a new quasidilaton theory of Poincare invariant massive gravity, based on the recently proposed framework of matter coupling that makes it possible for the kinetic energy of the quasidilaton scalar to couple to both physical and fiducial metrics simultaneously. We find a scaling-type exact solution that expresses a self-accelerating de Sitter universe, and then analyze linear perturbations around it. It is shown that in a range of parameters all physical degrees of freedom have non-vanishing quadratic kinetic terms and are stable in the subhorizon limit, while the effective Newton's…
We study nonlinear effects of perturbations around a cosmological background in projected massive gravity, which admits self-accelerating solutions in an open FLRW universe. Using the zero-curvature scaling limit, we derive nonlinear equations containing all the relevant terms on subhorizon scales. We find that the solution for a scalar graviton vanishes completely for all scales, which agrees with the linear perturbation analysis in the previous study. In addition, the effects on the gravitational potential due to the next order perturbation are strongly suppressed within the horizon. Therefo…
We consider modified gravity which may describe the early-time inflation and/or late-time cosmic acceleration of the universe. In particular, we discuss the properties of $F(R)$, $F(G)$, string-inspired and scalar-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravities, including their FRW equations and fluid or scalar-tensor description. Simplest accelerating cosmologies are investigated and possibility of unified description of the inflation with dark energy is described. The cosmological reconstruction program which permits to get the requested universe evolution from modified gravity is developed. As some extensi…
The Hessian's determinant for a version of massive gravity given by an infinite expansion of a square root function of the induced metric, vanishes. We show that it allows us to eliminate one of four scalar fields used to generate the graviton mass. This, however, gives rise to the appearance of extra terms in the action with the squared time derivative of the metric, thus signaling that a nonlinear ghost survives.We demonstrate this phenomenon considering a simple system with constraint, which is supposed to reduces the number of physical degrees of freedom, however, we explicitly show how th…
In this paper we have analyzed the improved version of the Gauge Unfixing (GU) formalism of the massive Carroll-Field-Jackiw model, which breaks both the Lorentz and gauge invariances, to disclose hidden symmetries to obtain gauge invariance, the key stone of the Standard Model. In this process, as usual, we have converted this second-class system into a first-class one and we have obtained two gauge invariant models. We have verified that the Poisson brackets involving the gauge invariant variables, obtained through the GU formalism, coincide with the Dirac brackets between the original secon…
We review the different frameworks in which Galileon scalar fields have been seen to emerge such an in DGP, New Massive Gravity and Ghost-free massive Gravity and emphasize their relation with the Lovelock invariant in braneworld models. The existence of a non-renormalization theorem for Galileon scalar fields makes them especially attractive candidates for inflation as well as for late-time acceleration. In particular we review the self-accelerating and degravitating branches of solutions present in Galileon models when arising from Massive Gravity and discuss their phenomenology.
We investigate the minimal theory of massive gravity (MTMG) recently introduced. After reviewing the original construction based on its Hamiltonian in the vielbein formalism, we reformulate it in terms of its Lagrangian in both the vielbein and the metric formalisms. It then becomes obvious that, unlike previous attempts in the literature of Lorentz-violating massive gravity, not only the potential but also the kinetic structure of the action is modified from the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity theory. We confirm that the number of physical degrees of freedom in MTMG is two at …
We consider an extended model of DBI massive gravity by generalizing the fiducial metric to be an induced metric on the brane corresponding to a domain wall moving in five-dimensional Schwarzschild-Anti-de Sitter spacetime. The model admits all solutions of FLRW metric including flat, closed and open geometries while the original one does not. The background solutions can be divided into two branches namely self-accelerating branch and normal branch. For the self-accelerating branch, the graviton mass plays the role of cosmological constant to drive the late-time acceleration of the universe. …
We present a non-linear analysis of perturbations around cosmological solutions in Generalised Massive gravity. This Lorentz invariant theory is an extension of de Rham, Gabadadze, Tolley massive gravity that propagates $5$ degrees of freedom while allowing stable open FLRW cosmologies. For a minimal model that supports a self-accelerating background, we study the dynamics of non-linear perturbations. We find that the equation for the scalar graviton is distinct from the analogues in Horndeski and DHOST theories. We numerically solve the equation to find a new type of nonlinear solution for th…
We propose a new theory of massive gravity with only two propagating degrees of freedom. After defining the theory in the unitary gauge in the vielbein language, we shall perform a Hamiltonian analysis to count the number of physical degrees of freedom, and then study some phenomenologies. While the homogeneous and isotropic background cosmology and the tensor linear perturbations around it are described by exactly the same equations as those in the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity, the scalar and vector gravitational degrees of freedom are absent in the new theory at the fully …
We study a formal extension of the Dirac equation in the framework of a non-commutative two-sheeted space-time. It is shown that this approach naturally extends the classical Dirac theory by doubling the number of fermionic states, which can then be identified as matter and hidden-matter states. Our model exhibit several interesting features that could have observational consequences. Among them, we predict a small electromagnetic coupling between matter and hidden matter universes which should lead to matter/hidden matter oscillations in presence of intense electromagnetic vector potentials.
Integral quantum Hall plateau transitions in a planar lattice system due to gap collapse can be described by an effective field theory with Dirac fermions. We discuss how to reproduce the correct integral values for the Hall conductance, $σ_{xy}$, before and after the plateau transition, which are dictated by the microscopic topological invariant. In addition to the massless Dirac fermions that appear at gap closing, the matching condition of $σ_{xy}$ requires the introduction of massive Dirac fermions, as "spectators", in the effective field theory. For non-interacting electrons on the lattic…
We introduce the Brans-Dick de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity theory which is the new extension of nonlinear massive gravity. We demonstrate a detailed study of the cosmological properties of this theory of gravity, and we show the transformation of the Jordan frame to the Einstein frame. We obtain the cosmological background equations and show the analyses of self-accelerating solutions for explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe. In the following, we analyze the background perturbations, which consist of tensor, vector, and scalar perturbations within the framework of the…
We present a thorough analysis of the cosmological perturbations in Generalised Massive Gravity. This is an extension of de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley theory where the translation invariance in the Stückelberg field space is broken. This allows the mass parameters to be promoted to functions of the Stückelberg fields. We consider an exact cosmological background in this theory and study the stability of perturbations. We derive conditions to avoid ghost, gradient and tachyonic instability. The cosmology is an extension of the self-accelerating branch of the constant mass parameter theory, but now a…
We present exact FLRW solutions in generalized massive gravity where the mass parameters are naturally promoted to Lorentz-invariant functions of the Stuckelberg fields. This new dependence relaxes the constraint that would otherwise prevent massive gravity from possessing exact FLRW solutions. It does so without the need to introduce additional degrees of freedom. We find self-accelerating cosmological solutions and show that, with a mild restriction on the region of phase space, these cosmological solutions exhibit full stability, i.e. absence of ghosts and gradient instabilities for all the…
Astronomical observations reveal a gap in the mass spectrum of relativistic objects: neither black holes nor neutron stars with 2 - 5 solar masses have ever been observed. In this article I proceed in presenting the scenario which discloses a possible hidden connection between massive neutron stars (MANSs), dark matter and dark energy in cosmology. Accordingly, when the curved spacetime embedding MANSs compresses the nuclear matter to beyond a critical supranuclear density $n_{cr},$ mesons, generally transmitting the residual nuclear forces between neutrons, could gain energy by frequently int…
We present the cosmological analysis of the Gauss-Bonnet quasi-dilaton massive gravity theory. This offers a gravitational theory with a non-zero graviton mass. We calculate the complete set of background equations of motion. Also, we obtain the self-accelerating background solutions and we present the constraints on parameters to indicate the correct sign of parameters. In addition, we analyse tensor perturbations and calculate the mass of graviton and find the dispersion relation of gravitational waves for two cases. Finally, we investigate the propagation of gravitational perturbation in th…
Braneworld models with induced gravity have the potential to replace dark energy as the explanation for the current accelerating expansion of the Universe. The original model of Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) demonstrated the existence of a ``self--accelerating'' branch of background solutions, but suffered from the presence of ghosts. We present a new large class of braneworld models which generalize the DGP model. Our models have negative curvature in the bulk, allow a second brane, and have general brane tensions and localized curvature terms. We exhibit three different kinds of ghosts,…
In this paper, we consider a generic hidden sector which interacts only gravitationally with Standard Model particles. We show that quantum gravity leads to operators which can be probed with fifth force type experiments. The Eöt-Wash torsion pendulum experiment implies that the masses of any scalar field or any massive spin-2 field that couples with the usual gravitational strength to the energy-momentum tensor of the Standard Model must be larger than $10^{-3}$eV. This has interesting consequences for models of dark matter which posit very light scalar fields. Dark matter must be heavier tha…
We connect the quasinormal modes corresponding to Dirac fermions in various black holes backgrounds to an N=2 supersymmetric quantum mechanics algebra, which can be constructed from the radial part of the fermionic solutions of the Dirac equation. In the massless fermion case, the quasinormal modes are in bijective correspondence with the zero modes of the fermionic system and this results to unbroken supersymmetry. The massive case is more evolved but as we prove, supersymmetry remains unbroken even in this case.
A self-consistent exposition of the theory of tree-level superamplitudes of the 4d N=4 and 6d N=(1,1) maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories is provided. In 4d we work in non-chiral superspace and construct the superconformal and dual superconformal symmetry generators of the N=4 SYM theory using the non-chiral BCFW recursion to prove the latter. In 6d we provide a complete derivation of the standard and hidden symmetries of the tree-level superamplitudes of N=(1,1) SYM theory, again using the BCFW recursion to prove the dual conformal symmetry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that compact a…
Certain scalar fields with higher derivative interactions and novel classical and quantum mechanical properties - the Galileons - can be naturally covariantized by coupling to nonlinear massive gravity in such a way that their symmetries and number of degrees of freedom are unchanged. We study the propagating degrees of freedom in these models around cosmologically interesting backgrounds. We identify the conditions necessary for such a theory to remain ghost free, and consider when tachyonic instabilities can be avoided. We show that on the self-accelerating branch of solutions, the kinetic t…
We consider a new physics possibility at the colliders: the observation of TeV scale massive vector bosons in the non-adjoint representations under the Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetry. To have a unitary and renormalizable theory, we propose a class of models with gauge symmetry $\prod_i G_i \times SU(3)'_C \times SU(2)'_L \times U(1)'_Y$ where the SM fermions and Higgs fields are singlets under the hidden gauge symmetry $\prod_i G_i$, and such massive vector bosons appear after the gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the SM gauge symmetry. We discuss the model with SU(5) hidden g…
Cubic Galileon massive gravity is a development of de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolly (dRGT) massive gravity theory is which the space of the Stueckelberg field is broken. We consider the cubic Galileon term as a scalar field coupled to the graviton filed. We present a detailed study of the cosmological aspects of this theory of gravity. We analyze self-accelerating solutions of the background equations of motion to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Exploiting the latest Union2 Type Ia Supernovea (SNIa) dataset, which consists of 557 SNIa, we show that cubic Galileon massive gravity theo…
We investigate emergent gravity extending the paradigm of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The emergent graviton is associated to the (dynamical) expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor. We derive the general effective description of such dynamics, and apply it to the case where a hidden theory generates gravity that is coupled to the Standard Model. In the linearized description, generically, such gravity is massive with the presence of an extra scalar degree of freedom. The propagators of both the spin-two and spin-zero modes are positive and well defined. The associated emergent gravitat…
Recently discovered models of ghost-free massive gravity and bigravity are characterized by a non-trivial potential that gives rise to a rich vacuum structure. We review maximally symmetric vacua of the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity and of the Hassan-Rosen (HR) bigravity, and discuss their perturbative stability. In particular, we discuss perturbations about self-accelerating vacua in HR bigravity, and argue that, analogously to what was found in the case of dRGT gravity, some of them contain strongly coupled modes. We then show that it is impossible to construct regular inst…
We further develop the framework for coupling galileons and Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar fields to a massive graviton while retaining both the non-linear symmetries of the scalars and ghost-freedom of the theory. The general construction is recast in terms of vielbeins which simplifies calculations and allows for compact expressions. Expressions for the general form of the action are derived, with special emphasis on those models which descend from maximally symmetric spaces. We demonstrate the existence of maximally symmetric solutions to the fully non-linear theory and analyze their spectr…
The massive six-dimensional (6D) superparticle with manifest (n,0) supersymmetry is shown to have a supertwistor formulation in which its "hidden" (0,n) supersymmetry is also manifest. The mass-shell constraint is replaced by Spin(5) spin-shell constraints which imply that the quantum superparticle has zero superspin, for n=1 it propagates the 6D Proca supermultiplet.
