用时间显微术直接观测光学turbulence中的无规则波
Direct observation of Rogue Waves in optical turbulence using Time Microscopy
摘要：
在噪声驱动的现象和湍流中相干结构的形成是一个复杂而基本的问题。一个特别重要的结构是所谓的流氓波（RW），它是突然出现的局部和巨大的峰值。首先在海洋学中进行研究，自2007年以来，RWs在光学中得到了广泛的研究，特别是在超连续谱和光学湍流的光纤实验中。然而，这些实验中随机动力学的典型时间尺度阻止了-到目前为止-直接观察孤立的RW。在这里，我们报告的直接观察的RW，使用超快采集系统相当于显微镜在时域。RW由光纤内随机波的非线性传播产生，并以$\sim 250$ ~fs的分辨率记录。我们的实验证明了一维非线性薛定谔方程（1D-NLSE）的“呼吸者”类解在RWs形成中的核心作用
英文摘要：
The formation of coherent structures in noise driven phenomena and in Turbulence is a complex and fundamental question. A particulary important structure is the so-called Rogue Wave (RW) that arises as the sudden appearance of a localized and giant peak. First studied in Oceanography, RWs have been extensively investigated in Optics since 2007, in particular in optical fibers experiments on supercontinua and optical turbulence. However the typical time scales underlying the random dynamics in those experiments prevented --up to now-- the direct observation of isolated RWs. Here we report on the direct observation of RWs, using an ultrafast acquisition system equivalent to microscope in the time domain. The RWs are generated by nonlinear propagation of random waves inside an optical fiber, and recorded with $\sim 250$~fs resolution. Our experiments demonstrate the central role played by "breathers-like" solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (1D-NLSE) in the formation of RWs
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