用天体物理方法检验基本常数的变化：综述与展望
Testing the variation of fundamental constants by astrophysical methods: overview and prospects
摘要：
通过测量天体物理学中的基本常数，人们可以检验基本的物理原理，如物理定律的时空不变性，以及探索粒子物理学的标准模型的适用范围。本文综述了最近在高红移观测和银河系盘中对精细结构常数α和电子-质子质量比μ的限制。在光学范围内，最精确的测量已经达到现有仪器的灵敏度极限，只有使用下一代望远镜和接收器才有可能进一步改进。为了在亚像素级控制系统误差，需要实现新的波长定标方法。在无线电领域，主要任务是寻找适合精确分子光谱学的银河系和河外天体，以及对分子谱线进行高分辨率实验室测量，以提供准确的频率标准。对光学和射电天体物理观测的预期进展进行了量化。
英文摘要：
By measuring the fundamental constants in astrophysical objects one can test basic physical principles as space-time invariance of physical laws along with probing the applicability limits of the standard model of particle physics. The latest constraints on the fine structure constant alpha and the electron-to-proton mass ratio mu obtained from observations at high redshifts and in the Milky Way disk are reviewed. In optical range, the most accurate measurements have already reached the sensitivity limit of available instruments, and further improvements will be possible only with next generation of telescopes and receivers. New methods of the wavelength calibration should be realized to control systematic errors at the sub-pixel level. In radio sector, the main tasks are the search for galactic and extragalactic objects suitable for precise molecular spectroscopy as well as high resolution laboratory measurements of molecular lines to provide accurate frequency standards. The expected progress in the optical and radio astrophysical observations is quantified.
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