The determination of the redshift of extragalactic gamma ray sources is of fundamental importance for the interpretation of their emission models and extragalactic population studies, AGN classification schemes, and to study the interaction with the extragalactic background light. Here we focus on the BL Lac S2 0109+22, recently detected at very high energies. We obtained a high signal-to-noise optical spectrum at Gran Telescopio Canarias for the source over the spectral range 4000-10000 Angstrom, to search for spectral features of the host galaxy and/or of the nuclear source and it was compared with previous observations in order to confirm and/or dispute its redshift determination. We find the S2 0109+22 optical spectrum is well represented by a power law continuum without any absorption or emission feature of Equivalent Width >0.1 Angstrom. Based on the new optical spectrum we are able to set a redshift lower limit z>0.35, assuming the source is hosted by a massive elliptical galaxy typical for this class of sources. The redshift z=0.265 proposed in the literature for this object is most probably referred to a r=18.3 galaxy at 15" from S2 0109. This galaxy could belong to a group of faint galaxies located at z~0.26.
The Radio--X-ray Correlation of High-Redshift AGN: A Numerical Study of Inverse-Compton Scattering of the CMB Photons in Relativistic Jets
Indian Institute of Technology Indore(印度印多尔理工学院);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学天文台);National Centre for Radio Astrophysics - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(国家射电天体物理学中心 - 塔塔基础研究所);Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali(昌迪加尔科学教育研究学院)
The Redshift Evolution of Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources out to z~0.5: Comparison with X-Ray Binary Populations and Contribution to the Cosmic X-Ray Background
Optical spectroscopy of high redshift BL Lac objects
INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布里埃拉天文台);Università dell’Insubria(因苏布利亚大学);INAF - IASF Palermo(意大利国家天体物理研究所巴勒莫天体物理研究所);Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学)
The deepest X-ray view of high-redshift galaxies: constraints on low-rate black-hole accretion
利用迄今为止最深的X射线巡天\chandra \,Deep Field-South(\mbox{CDF-S})的7 Ms \textit{Chandra}观测资料,结合CANDELS/GOODS-S数据,测量了$3.5\leq z < 6.5$ 2076个星系的总X射线辐射。这一目标是通过堆叠的\textit{Chandra}数据在光学选定的星系的位置,达到有效的曝光时间的$\geq10^9\mathrm{s}$。我们在$z\approx4$上探测到大质量星系的显著($>3.7σ$)X射线辐射。我们还报告了在$z\approx5$的$99.7\%$置信水平($2.7σ$),有史以来获得的最高意义的X射线发射星系在这样高的红移检测大质量星系。在更高的红移下,没有从星系中检测到明显的信号。假设X射线双星产生的X射线发射有一系列规定,叠加结果对与已知高红移星系样本相关的BHAD以及高红移的SFRD施加了限制。我们发现,从我们的样品的X射线发射可能是由恒星形成相关的过程占主导地位。我们的结果表明,在单个X射线未探测到的星系中的SMBH上的低速率质量吸积是可以忽略的,与测量的样品的X射线探测活动星系核的BHAD相比,宇宙SMBH质量组装在高红移。我们还放置,第一次,在$z>4$活动星系核X射线光度函数($\mathrm{logL_X\sim42}$)的弱端的约束,与相当平坦的斜坡的证据。所有…
XXL-HSC: An updated catalogue of high-redshift ($z\geqslant3.5$) X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL northern field. Constraints on the bright end of the soft logN-logS
XZ: Deriving redshifts from X-ray spectra of obscured AGN
背景:红移是我们理解河外X射线源的基础。复杂的对应物关联、昂贵的光谱学和/或多任务多波长覆盖来解决简并性使得估计在实践中常常是困难的。目的:我们试图用低分辨率的X射线谱来限制活动星系核(AGN)的红移。方法:我们的XZ方法适合AGN X射线光谱与一个适度复杂的光谱模型,包括日冕,环面遮光剂和暖镜。使用贝叶斯X射线天文学(BXA)软件包,我们同时约束红移、柱密度、光子指数和光度。红移信息主要来自于康普顿薄活动星系核的吸收边和严重遮蔽活动星系核的Fe K $α$荧光线。一种新的通用背景拟合方法使我们能够从有限数量的源计数中提取更多的信息。结果:我们推导出74/321硬带探测源在钱德拉深场南红移的限制。与光谱红移比较,我们发现一个8%的异常分数,表明我们的模型假设是有效的。对于三个钱德拉深场,我们发布了我们的XZ红移估计。结论:独立的XZ估计是易于应用和有效的大部分掩盖AGN在今天的深调查,而不需要任何额外的数据。通过比较不同的红移估计方法,XZ可以解决光度红移中的简并问题,有助于发现潜在的关联问题,并确认不确定的单线光谱红移。该技术具有高的光谱分辨率和大的收集面积,将是非常有效的Athena/WFI观测。