简单性的模糊性
The Ambiguity of Simplicity
摘要：
一个系统表面上的简单性取决于它是经典的还是数量的。这并不奇怪，因为经典物理和量子物理是建立在不同假设基础上的描述性框架，它们捕捉、强调和表达了不同的性质和机制。令人惊讶的是，正如我们所证明的，简单性是模糊的：当在经典和量子描述之间移动时，两个系统之间的相对简单性可以改变符号。因此，绝对的物理简单性的概念-最小的结构或内存-最多形成一个部分的，而不是一个总的秩序。这表明，通过奥卡姆剃刀或竞争理论的“优雅”来诉诸物理简单性原则，可能从根本上是主观的，甚至可能超出物理学本身的范围。它也提出了具有挑战性的问题，在经典和量子描述之间的模型选择。幸运的是，实验现在开始探索简单性的衡量标准，创造了直接测试模糊性的可能性。
英文摘要：
A system's apparent simplicity depends on whether it is represented classically or quantally. This is not so surprising, as classical and quantum physics are descriptive frameworks built on different assumptions that capture, emphasize, and express different properties and mechanisms. What is surprising is that, as we demonstrate, simplicity is ambiguous: the relative simplicity between two systems can change sign when moving between classical and quantum descriptions. Thus, notions of absolute physical simplicity---minimal structure or memory---at best form a partial, not a total, order. This suggests that appeals to principles of physical simplicity, via Ockham's Razor or to the "elegance" of competing theories, may be fundamentally subjective, perhaps even beyond the purview of physics itself. It also raises challenging questions in model selection between classical and quantum descriptions. Fortunately, experiments are now beginning to probe measures of simplicity, creating the potential to directly test for ambiguity.
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