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arXiv 1602.07601astro-ph.HE
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RX J1131-1231中微透镜事件的硬X射线视图

Hard X-ray view of microlensing events in RX J1131-1231

A. Neronov, D. Malyshev, R. Walter

摘要:

RX J1131-1231是一个引力透镜系统,它包含了四个类星体被椭圆星系透镜化的图像。已知单个图像中的通量受到可见光和X射线波段中的微透镜效应的影响。我们研究了RX J1131-1231在从光学到硬X射线的宽能量范围内的微透镜焦散渡期间的多波长特性。我们的目标是限制在不同的能量的X射线发射区域的空间范围。我们将在可见波段的源监测数据与SWIFT卫星上的爆裂警报望远镜(BAT)和Chandra X射线天文台的X射线数据相结合。通过对源的宽谱和光变曲线的观测,我们发现了几个微透镜焦散交叉事件,并研究了这些事件中源的变化细节。MJD 55150和55500上图像A的焦散线交叉产生来自源的总X射线通量的强烈变化。在软X射线波段,焦散渡越事件的特征是源图像之间通量比的指数增长/衰减,取幂时间尺度T_d~60 d,对应于尺寸~10^{14} cm的源的焦散渡越时间。由微透镜引起的可变性主导了源的四个图像的通量的总和的总体可变性,这也应该在硬X射线光变曲线中是可检测的,如果硬X射线源是紧凑的。在源的SWIFT/BAT光变曲线中未检测到焦散交叉事件表明,能量高于15 keV的X射线发射区域的几何形状不同于较低能量X射线的几何形状,硬X射线发射的尺寸大一个数量级。

英文摘要:

RX J1131-1231 is a gravitationally lensed system which includes four images of a quasar lensed by an elliptical galaxy. The flux in the individual images is known to be affected by microlensing effect in the visible and X-ray bands. We study the multi-wavelength properties of RX J1131-1231 over a broad energy range, from optical to hard X-ray, during the periods of the microlensing caustic crossings. We aim to constrain the spatial extent of the X-ray emission region at different energies. We combine the data of the source monitoring in the visible band with the X-ray data of the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board of SWIFT satellite and Chandra X-ray observatory. Inspecting the broad band spectrum and lightcurves of the source we identify several microlensing caustic crossing events, and study the details of variability of the source during these events. The caustic crossings of image A on MJD 55150 and 55500 produce strong variations of the overall X-ray flux from the source. In the soft X-ray band, the caustic crossing events are characterised by the exponential growth / decay of the flux ratio between the source images with the exponentiating time scale T_d~60 d, which corresponds to the caustic transit time of the source of the size ~10^{14} cm. Variability induced by the microlensing dominates the overall variability of the sum of the fluxes of four images of the source which should also be detectable in the hard X-ray lightcurve, if the hard X-ray source is comparably compact. Non-detection of the caustic crossing events in the SWIFT/BAT lightcurve of the source indicates that geometry of the region of emission of X-rays with energies above 15 keV is different from that of the lower energy X-rays, with the hard X-ray emission an order of magnitude larger in size.

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