关于热电学第一开尔文关系的基本方面
On the fundamental aspect of the first Kelvin's relation in thermoelectricity
摘要：
开尔文关系可以被认为是热电理论的基石。事实上，他们将分别与塞贝克、珀尔帖和汤姆森相关的三种热电效应聚集在一起，以获得对热电现象的独特而一致的描述。然而，他们的身体在文学中的地位却大不相同。一方面，第二开尔文关系与微观可逆性有关，被认为是基本的物理性质。另一方面，第一开尔文关系传统上仅作为塞贝克系数和汤姆森系数之间的方便数学关系引入。在本文中，我们强调，与通常认为的相反，这种关系可能比热电系数之间的大胆数学表达式表现出更深的见解。它实际上反映了热电系统内部两种不同机制的共存：能量转换和塞贝克系数变化时的热流重组。
英文摘要：
Kelvin's relations may be considered as cornerstones in the theory of thermoelectricity. Indeed, they gather together the three thermoelectric effects, associated respectively with Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson, to get a unique and consistent description of thermoelectric phenomena. However, their physical status in literature are quite different. On the one hand, the second Kelvin's relation is associated with the microscopic reversibility, considered as a fundamental thermodynamical property. On the other hand, the first Kelvin's relation is traditionally introduced only as a convenient mathematical relation between Seebeck and Thomson coefficients. In the present article, we stress that, contrary to common believes, this relation may demonstrates deeper insights than a bold mathematical expression between thermoelectric coefficients. It actually reflects the coexistence of two different mechanisms taking place inside thermoelectric systems: Energy conversion and reorganization of heat flow when Seebeck coefficient varies.
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