原子与非傍轴拉盖尔-高斯光束相互作用：在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中形成涡旋叠加态
Interaction of atom with non-paraxial Laguerre-Gaussian beam:Forming superposition of vortex states in Bose-Einstein condensates
摘要：
近轴光学涡旋与原子气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）之间的轨道角动量（OAM）交换是众所周知的。在本文中，我们发展了一个超越傍轴近似的物质与光学涡旋之间的微观相互作用理论。我们展示了如何叠加的涡旋态的BEC可以创建一个聚焦的光学涡旋。由于光场的偏振或自旋角动量（SAM）与光场的OAM耦合，在这种情况下，这些角动量可以转移到内部电子和外部质心（c.m.）如果两种运动是耦合的，则原子的运动是不对称的。我们提出了一个方案，用于生产的叠加的物质波涡使用高斯和聚焦拉盖尔-高斯（LG）光束。我们研究了在不同的OAM和SAM光态组合下，受激喇曼跃迁的双光子拉比频率随聚焦角的变化。我们证明了BEC中涡旋-反涡旋结构的形成，并讨论了三个涡旋态的干涉。
英文摘要：
The exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between paraxial optical vortex and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atomic gases is well known. In this paper, we develop a theory for the microscopic interaction between matter and an optical vortex beyond paraxial approximation. We show how superposition of vortex states of BEC can be created with a focused optical vortex. Since, the polarization or spin angular momentum (SAM) of the optical field is coupled with OAM of the field, in this case, these angular momenta can be transferred to the internal electronic and external center-of-mass (c.m.) motion of atoms provided both the motions are coupled. We propose a scheme for producing the superposition of matter-wave vortices using Gaussian and a focused Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. We study how two-photon Rabi frequencies of stimulated Raman transitions vary with focusing angles for different combinations of OAM and SAM of optical states. We demonstrate the formation of vortex-antivortex structure and discuss interference of three vortex states in a BEC.
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