HectoMAP和地平线运行4：真实和模拟宇宙中的致密结构和空洞
HectoMAP and Horizon Run 4: Dense Structures and Voids in the Real and Simulated Universe
摘要：
HectoMAP是一个覆盖北天53个$deg^{2}$条带的红色星系的密集红移巡天。对于具有$r<20.5$、$(g-r)>1.0$和$(r-i)>0.5$的星系，HectoMAP的完整性为97%。该调查使测试的物理性质的大尺度结构在中等红移对宇宙学模型。我们使用的地平线运行4，一个dennessy和最大的宇宙学模拟的基础上的标准$Λ$冷暗物质（$Λ$ CDM）模型，比较观察到的大尺度结构的物理性质与模拟的体积有限的样本覆盖8 $\times10^6$ $h^{-3}$ Mpc $^3$的红移范围$0.22<z<0.44$。我们将相同的标准应用于观测和模拟，以识别星系分布的过密和欠密大尺度特征。观测到的过密结构的丰度和尺寸分布与模拟结果吻合得很好。观察和模拟也同意欠致密结构，空隙的体积和尺寸分布。HectoMAP中最大过密结构和最大空隙的性质完全在300个Horizon Run 4模拟调查中得出的最大结构的分布范围内。总的来说，观测到的大尺度结构的大小，丰富度和体积分布的红移范围$0.22<z<0.44$是非常一致的标准$Λ$ CDM模型的预测。
英文摘要：
HectoMAP is a dense redshift survey of red galaxies covering a 53 $deg^{2}$ strip of the northern sky. HectoMAP is 97\% complete for galaxies with $r<20.5$, $(g-r)>1.0$, and $(r-i)>0.5$. The survey enables tests of the physical properties of large-scale structure at intermediate redshift against cosmological models. We use the Horizon Run 4, one of the densest and largest cosmological simulations based on the standard $Λ$ Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) model, to compare the physical properties of observed large-scale structures with simulated ones in a volume-limited sample covering 8$\times10^6$ $h^{-3}$ Mpc$^3$ in the redshift range $0.22<z<0.44$. We apply the same criteria to the observations and simulations to identify over- and under-dense large-scale features of the galaxy distribution. The richness and size distributions of observed over-dense structures agree well with the simulated ones. Observations and simulations also agree for the volume and size distributions of under-dense structures, voids. The properties of the largest over-dense structure and the largest void in HectoMAP are well within the distributions for the largest structures drawn from 300 Horizon Run 4 mock surveys. Overall the size, richness and volume distributions of observed large-scale structures in the redshift range $0.22<z<0.44$ are remarkably consistent with predictions of the standard $Λ$CDM model.
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