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arXiv 1602.05808cond-mat.stat-mech
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关于向非平衡稳态的弛豫

On the relaxation to nonequilibrium steady states

Denis J. Evans, Stephen R. Williams, Debra J. Searles, Lamberto Rondoni

摘要:

松弛的问题已经解决了遍历理论在过去。然而,将该理论应用于物理感兴趣的模型是有问题的,特别是当处理松弛到非平衡稳态时。在这里,我们考虑放松经典,恒温粒子系统的平衡以及非平衡稳态,使用动力学概念,包括衰减的相关性。我们证明了被称为Ω T-混合的条件是必要的和充分的,以证明松弛的系综平均值的稳态值。然后,我们观察到,被称为弱T-混合的条件适用于光滑的观测量是足够的松弛是独立的初始合奏。最后,可积函数的弱T-混合使得弛豫与系综成员无关,除了一组可以忽略的成员之外,这使得结果可以应用于单个物理实验的观测。结果也使我们能够给出一个微观推导的Prigogine的原则,最小熵产生的线性响应制度。得出这些结果的关键在于将讨论从动力系统的特性,如与度量传递性有关的特性,转移到物理测量和可观测量的行为。这自然引出了物理遍历性的概念。

英文摘要:

The issue of relaxation has been addressed in terms of ergodic theory in the past. However, the application of that theory to models of physical interest is problematic, especially when dealing with relaxation to nonequilibrium steady states. Here, we consider the relaxation of classical, thermostatted particle systems to equilibrium as well as to nonequilibrium steady states, using dynamical notions including decay of correlations. We show that the condition known as ΩT-mixing is necessary and sufficient to prove relaxation of ensemble averages to steady state values. We then observe that the condition known as weak T-mixing applied to smooth observables is sufficient for relaxation to be independent of the initial ensemble. Lastly, weak T-mixing for integrable functions makes relaxation independent of the ensemble member, apart from a negligible set of members enabling the result to be applied to observations from a single physical experiment. The results also allow us to give a microscopic derivation of Prigogine's principle of minimum entropy production in the linear response regime. The key to deriving these results lies in shifting the discussion from characteristics of dynamical systems, such as those related to metric transitivity, to physical measurements and to the behaviour of observables. This naturally leads to the notion of physical ergodicity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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