避免不切实际的先验：精细结构常数随时间变化的暗能量约束情况
Avoiding unrealistic priors: the case of dark energy constraints from the time variation of the fine-structure constant
摘要：
我们批判性地评估最近的索赔表明，精细结构常数的时间变化的上限严格限制耦合的暗能量标量场的电磁部门，并间接地，违反弱等效原理。我们表明，这种约束依赖于假设的先验，即使暗能量是由一个动态标量场与一个常数状态方程参数$w$线性耦合到电磁扇区通过无量纲耦合$ζ$。我们发现，虽然当地的原子钟测试，以及其他的地球，天体物理和宇宙学数据，把严格的界限$|ζ| {\sqrt {|w+1|}}$，精细结构常数的时间变化不能被用来设置或提高上限$|ζ|$或$|w+1|$没有指定的先验，一致的，但不赞成当前的数据，这强烈不赞成低值的$|w+1|$或$|ζ|$，分别。我们简要地讨论了这可能会如何改变与新一代的高分辨率超稳定光谱仪，如ESTERO和ELT-HIRES，结合即将到来的任务，以映射宇宙的几何形状，如欧几里得，或测试等效原理，如显微镜或步骤。
英文摘要：
We critically assess recent claims suggesting that upper limits on the time variation of the fine-structure constant tightly constrain the coupling of a dark energy scalar field to the electromagnetic sector, and, indirectly, the violation of the weak equivalence principle. We show that such constraints depend crucially on the assumed priors, even if the dark energy was described by a dynamical scalar field with a constant equation of state parameter $w$ linearly coupled to the electromagnetic sector through a dimensionless coupling $ζ$. We find that, although local atomic clock tests, as well as other terrestrial, astrophysical and cosmological data, put stringent bounds on $|ζ| {\sqrt {|w+1|}}$, the time variation of the fine-structure constant cannot be used to set or to improve upper limits on $|ζ|$ or $|w+1|$ without specifying priors, consistent but not favoured by current data, which strongly disfavour low values of $|w+1|$ or $|ζ|$, respectively. We briefly discuss how this might change with a new generation of high-resolution ultra-stable spectrographs, such as ESPRESSO and ELT-HIRES, in combination with forthcoming missions to map the geometry of the Universe, such as Euclid, or to test the equivalence principle, such as MICROSCOPE or STEP.
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