热力学第二定律有很多例外（以百分比计算是极其罕见的）
The second law of thermodynamics is riddled with (in percentage terms extremely rare) exceptions
摘要：
热力学第二定律的统计力学描述通常意味着点状粒子由耗散的整体机制驱动，同时进行时间演化。随着参与的粒子数量越来越多，它们自己采取具有较低熵的非平衡态的可能性越来越小。我们提出了第二定律的一个宏观反例，它反复自发地产生熵汇，从而使我们能够反复地收获能量，避开与周围环境的所有补偿相互作用。因此，该机制从单个储层提取能量。这在实验中被证明是正确的，并被解释为尺寸效应的结果，其中非零颗粒的范围，稍微修改热力学平衡动力学的关键特性。
英文摘要：
Statistical mechanics descriptions of the second law of thermodynamics generally imply point-like particles driven by a dissipative overall mechanism for their simultaneous time-evolution. As the number of involved particles grows larger, it becomes more and more unlikely that they by itself adopt an off-equilibrium state with lower entropy. We present a macroscopic counterexample of the second law that repeatedly and spontaneously produces an entropy sink, thus recurrently enables us to harvest energy that sidesteps all the compensation interactions with the surroundings. Hence, this mechanism extracts energy from a single reservoir. This proves true in an experiment and is explained as a consequence of size effects, among them nonzero particle extent that marginally amend crucial peculiarities of thermodynamic equilibrium dynamics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
