墨西哥湾北部的次中尺度环流：大陆坡上的深层现象和扩散
Submesoscale circulation in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Deep phenomena and dispersion over the continental slope
摘要：
本研究探讨中尺度和亚中尺度环流沿大陆坡在北部墨西哥湾在深度大于1000米。调查是使用区域模型运行在两个水平网格分辨率，5公里和1.6公里，从2010年1月至2012年12月的三年期间。在大陆坡存在着非地转的亚中尺度涡旋和涡度丝，正如预期的那样，在较高分辨率的模拟中，它们更强，更丰富。它们是由高度间歇性的、底部强化的、沿斜坡的边界流边缘的水平剪切层形成的，当这些边界流被限制在陡峭的斜坡上时，它们也会形成在这些边界流的核心。水平分辨率影响中性浮力示踪剂的横向和垂直输运的表示。例如，在2010年深水地平线钻井平台爆炸的Macondo Prospect附近部署的被动染料，以及在钻井井口以西几百公里处的海湾北部已知最大的天然烃渗漏处部署的被动染料。第一个站点的特点是弱的平均电流，并在高分辨率运行，强烈的亚中尺度涡旋，形成西部的马孔多展望。另一方面，GC 600被复杂的水深包围，其流量变化很大。中尺度涡和涡丝附近的钻机限制在马孔多前景附近的传播所施加的捕获，因此，补丁在被动示踪剂分布不同的两个集成，尽管类似的扩散率表示的平均扩张速率。另一方面，在GC 600处释放的示踪剂在较高分辨率的情况下，由于近底湍流混合的增强，在前六个月内更有效地分散。
英文摘要：
This study examines the mesoscale and submesoscale circulations along the continental slope in the northern Gulf of Mexico at depths greater than 1000 m. The investigation is performed using a regional model run at two horizontal grid resolutions, 5 km and 1.6 km, over a three year period from January 2010 to December 2012. Ageostrophic submesoscale eddies, and vorticity filaments populate the continental slope, and they are stronger and more abundant in the simulation at higher resolution, as to be expected. They are formed from horizontal shear layers at the edges of highly intermittent, bottom-intensified, along-slope boundary currents and in the cores of those currents when they are confined on steep slopes. The horizontal resolution influences the representation of the lateral and vertical transport of neutrally buoyant tracers. This is exemplified by a passive dye deployed near the Macondo Prospect, where the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded in 2010, and at the largest known natural hydrocarbon seep in the northern Gulf, few hundred kilometers to the west of the rig wellhead. The first site is characterized by weak mean currents and, in the high resolution run, by intense submesoscale eddies that form to the west of the Macondo Prospect. GC600, on the other hand, is surrounded by a complicated bathymetry, and its flow is highly variable. The trapping exerted by the submesoscale eddies and vorticity filaments near the rig constrain the spreading in the vicinity of the Macondo Prospect, and as a result, patchiness in the passive tracer distributions differs in the two integrations, despite similar diffusivities expressing the average spreading rate. The tracer released at GC600, on the other hand, is dispersed more effectively in the first six months in the higher resolution case due to enhanced near-bottom turbulent mixing.
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