arXiv 1602.031912016-02hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th

由引力$θ$项计算小中微子质量

Small neutrino masses from gravitational $θ$-term

Gia Dvali, Lena Funcke

备注：: 14 pages, one figure. V4: discussions on invalid cosmological neutrino mass bound and gravitational waves clarified
发表信息：: Phys. Rev. D 93, 113002 (2016)
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.113002

摘要：

我们提出了如何中微子凝聚和小中微子质量出现的引力异常的拓扑公式。我们首先概括了引力$θ$项如何导致一个新的束缚中微子态的出现，类似于QCD中的$η'$介子。然后，我们表明，由此形成的中微子真空凝聚，有效地产生小中微子质量。之后，我们概述了我们的中微子质量产生模型的几个唯象后果。宇宙学上的中微子质量束缚消失了，因为我们预测中微子在宇宙晚期的相变$T\sim {\rm meV}$之前是无质量的。在未来的冰立方数据中，可以观察到由于地外中微子通量中中微子衰变增强而导致的等味率偏差。目前的宇宙学中微子背景只包括最轻的中微子，由于中微子-中微子相互作用的增强，它们要么结合，形成超流体，要么完全湮灭成无质量的玻色子。强耦合的残余中微子可能对宇宙晚期的冷暗物质做出贡献，同时还有新提出的粒子和拓扑缺陷，它们可能是在中微子凝聚过程中形成的。这些增强的相互作用也可能是我们银河系中遗留中微子聚集的来源，这可能使KATRIN实验中可以检测到过密的宇宙中微子背景。中微子凝聚体为假设的$B-L$规范玻色子提供了质量，导致了在短距离测量中可检测到的引力竞争力。引力波探测有可能探索我们的中微子质量产生机制。

英文摘要：

We present how a neutrino condensate and small neutrino masses emerge from a topological formulation of gravitational anomaly. We first recapitulate how a gravitational $θ$-term leads to the emergence of a new bound neutrino state analogous to the $η'$ meson of QCD. Then we show the consequent formation of a neutrino vacuum condensate, which effectively generates small neutrino masses. Afterwards we outline several phenomenological consequences of our neutrino mass generation model. The cosmological neutrino mass bound vanishes since we predict the neutrinos to be massless until the phase transition in the late Universe, $T\sim {\rm meV}$. Deviations from an equal flavor rate due to enhanced neutrino decays in extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be observed in future IceCube data. The current cosmological neutrino background only consists of the lightest neutrinos, which, due to enhanced neutrino-neutrino interactions, either bind up, form a superfluid, or completely annihilate into massless bosons. Strongly coupled relic neutrinos could provide a contribution to cold dark matter in the late Universe, together with the new proposed particles and topological defects, which may have formed during neutrino condensation. These enhanced interactions could also be a source of relic neutrino clustering in our Galaxy, which possibly makes the overdense cosmic neutrino background detectable in the KATRIN experiment. The neutrino condensate provides a mass for the hypothetical $B-L$ gauge boson, leading to a gravity-competing force detectable in short-distance measurements. Gravitational waves detections have the potential to probe our neutrino mass generation mechanism.

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