凌日行星作为一个精确的时钟来限制引力常量的时间变化
Transiting planets as a precision clock to constrain the time variation of the gravitational constant
摘要：
对系外行星系统凌日时间的分析准确地提供了其成员行星的瞬时轨道周期$P(t)$。对这些凌日行星系统的长期监测限制了$P(t)$的可变性，这转化为对引力常量$G$随时间变化的约束。我们将此分析应用于开普勒航天器观测到的$10$凌日系统，并发现2009-2013年的$ΔG/G\lesssim 5\times10^{-6}$，或$\dot{G}/G \lesssim 10^{-6}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$，如果$\dot{G}$是常数。虽然推导出的极限比其他分析的极限弱，但它是对其他分析的补充，并且可以通过分析许多连续监测的过境系统来改进。
英文摘要：
Analysis of transit times in exoplanetary systems accurately provides an instantaneous orbital period, $P(t)$, of their member planets. A long-term monitoring of those transiting planetary systems puts limits on the variability of $P(t)$, which are translated into the constraints on the time variation of the gravitational constant $G$. We apply this analysis to $10$ transiting systems observed by the Kepler spacecraft, and find that $ΔG/G\lesssim 5\times10^{-6}$ for 2009-2013, or $\dot{G}/G \lesssim 10^{-6}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ if $\dot{G}$ is constant. While the derived limit is weaker than those from other analyses, it is complementary to them and can be improved by analyzing numerous transiting systems that are continuously monitored.
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