arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1602.01965astro-ph.EP
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在4.5到2.9 au日心距离范围内Rosetta OSIRIS和VLT观测的67 P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星的尘埃环境

The dust environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta OSIRIS and VLT observations in the 4.5 to 2.9 au heliocentric distance range inbound

F. Moreno, C. Snodgrass, O. Hainaut, C. Tubiana, H. Sierks, C. Barbieri, P. L. Lamy, R. Rodrigo, D. Koschny, H. Rickman, H. U. Keller, J. Agarwal, M. F. AHearn,… 展开作者

F. Moreno, C. Snodgrass, O. Hainaut, C. Tubiana, H. Sierks, C. Barbieri, P. L. Lamy, R. Rodrigo, D. Koschny, H. Rickman, H. U. Keller, J. Agarwal, M. F. AHearn, M. A. Barucci, J. L. Bertaux, I. Bertini, S. Besse, D. Bodewits, G. Cremonese, V. Da Deppo, B. Davidsson, S. Debei, M. De Cecco, F. Ferri, S. Fornasier, M. Fulle, O. Groussin, P. J. Gutierrez, P. Gutierrez Marques, C. Guettler, S. F. Hviid, W. H. Ip, L. Jorda, J. Knollenberg, G. Kovacs, J. R. Kramm, E. Kuehrt, M. Kueppers, L. M. Lara, M. Lazzarin, J. J. Lopez Moreno, F. Marzari, S. Mottola, G. Naletto, N. Oklay, M. Pajola, N. Thomas, J. B. Vincent, V. Della Corte, A. Fitzsimmons, S. Faggi, E. Jehin, C. Opitom, G. P. Tozzi

摘要:

欧空局的罗塞塔号航天器目前正围绕67 P彗星运行,它已经通过几种仪器,特别是OSIRIS和GIADA提供了尘埃颗粒特性的现场测量结果。我们建议通过将这些测量与地面观测尘埃尾部相结合来监测总体的、随时间变化的尘埃产生率和粒度分布,从而增加这些测量的价值。为了限制尘埃颗粒的性质,我们考虑到罗塞塔OSIRIS和GIADA的结果,并将OSIRIS数据在接近阶段(2014年4月下旬至6月上旬)与ESO甚大望远镜(VLT)从2014年2月至11月获得的大型地面图像数据集相结合。一个蒙特卡罗尘埃尾代码已被应用到检索尘埃参数。颗粒的关键特性(密度、速度和粒度分布)是从罗塞塔观测中获得的:这些参数被用作代码的输入,以大大减少自由参数的数量。通过这种方法,可以准确地获得尘埃总质量损失率及其与日心距的关系。由OSIRIS和GIADA的内彗发测量和使用VLT数据的远距离成像得到的尘埃参数是一致的,除了粒度分布函数的幂指数为$α$ =--3,而不是小于1 mm的颗粒的$α$ =--2。彗星活动的开始发生在大约4.3 au,尘埃产生率为0.5 kg/s,在2.9 au时增加到15 kg/s。这意味着一个灰尘与气体的质量比在3.8和6.5之间变化的最佳拟合模型时,结合水的生产率从MIRO实验。

英文摘要:

The ESA Rosetta spacecraft, currently orbiting around comet 67P, has already provided in situ measurements of the dust grain properties from several instruments, particularly OSIRIS and GIADA. We propose adding value to those measurements by combining them with ground-based observations of the dust tail to monitor the overall, time-dependent dust-production rate and size distribution. To constrain the dust grain properties, we take Rosetta OSIRIS and GIADA results into account, and combine OSIRIS data during the approach phase (from late April to early June 2014) with a large data set of ground-based images that were acquired with the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) from February to November 2014. A Monte Carlo dust tail code has been applied to retrieve the dust parameters. Key properties of the grains (density, velocity, and size distribution) were obtained from Rosetta observations: these parameters were used as input of the code to considerably reduce the number of free parameters. In this way, the overall dust mass-loss rate and its dependence on the heliocentric distance could be obtained accurately. The dust parameters derived from the inner coma measurements by OSIRIS and GIADA and from distant imaging using VLT data are consistent, except for the power index of the size-distribution function, which is $α$=--3, instead of $α$=--2, for grains smaller than 1 mm. This is possibly linked to the presence of fluffy aggregates in the coma. The onset of cometary activity occurs at approximately 4.3 au, with a dust production rate of 0.5 kg/s, increasing up to 15 kg/s at 2.9 au. This implies a dust-to-gas mass ratio varying between 3.8 and 6.5 for the best-fit model when combined with water-production rates from the MIRO experiment.

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