It is shown that the study of the imaginary part and of the corresponding dispersion relations of Feynman graph amplitudes within the differential equations method can provide a powerful tool for the solution of the equations, especially in the massive case. The main features of the approach are illustrated by discussing the simple cases of the 1-loop self-mass and of a particular vertex amplitude, and then used for the evaluation of the two-loop massive sunrise and the QED kite graph (the problem studied by Sabry in 1962), up to first order in the (d-4) expansion.
We study the analytic continuation of Feynman integrals from the kite family, expressed in terms of elliptic generalisations of (multiple) polylogarithms. Expressed in this way, the Feynman integrals are functions of two periods of an elliptic curve. We show that all what is required is just the analytic continuation of these two periods. We present an explicit formula for the two periods for all values of $t \in {\mathbb R}$. Furthermore, the nome $q$ of the elliptic curve satisfies over the complete range in $t$ the inequality $|q|\le 1$, where $|q|=1$ is attained only at the singular points…
A new class of identities for Feynman graph amplitudes, dubbed Schouten identities, valid at fixed integer value of the dimension d is proposed. The identities are then used in the case of the two loop sunrise graph with arbitrary masses for recovering the second order differential equation for the scalar amplitude in d=2 dimensions, as well as a chained sets of equations for all the coefficients of the expansions in (d-2). The shift from $d\approx2$ to $d\approx4$ dimensions is then discussed.
We review recently developed new powerful techniques to compute a class of Feynman diagrams at any loop order, known as sunrise-type diagrams. These sunrise-type topologies have many important applications in many different fields of physics and we believe it to be timely to discuss their evaluation from a unified point of view. The method is based on the analysis of the diagrams directly in configuration space which, in the case of the sunrise-type diagrams and diagrams related to them, leads to enormous simplifications as compared to the traditional evaluation of loops in momentum space. We …
In this paper we continue the work begun in 2002 on the identification of the analytical expressions of Feynman integrals which require the evaluation of multiple elliptic integrals. We rewrite and simplify the analytical expression of the 3-loop self-mass integral with three equal masses and on-shell external momentum. We collect and analyze a number of results on double and triple elliptic integrals. By using very high-precision numerical fits, for the first time we are able to identify a very compact analytical expression for the 4-loop on-shell self-mass integral with 4 equal masses, that …
A number of irreducible master integrals for L-loop sunrise-type and bubble Feynman diagrams with generic values of masses and external momenta are explicitly evaluated via Mellin-Barnes representation.
An explicit investigation about the equal-mass two-loop sunrise Feynman graph is performed. Such perturbative amplitude is related with many important physical process treated in the standard model context. The background of this investigation is an alternative strategy to handle with the divergences typical of perturbative solutions of quantum field theory. Since its proposition, the mentioned method was exhaustively used to calculate and manipulate one-loop Feynman integrals with a great success. However, the great advances in precision of experimental data collected in particle physics coll…
The system of 4 differential equations in the external invariant satisfied by the 4 master integrals of the general massive 2-loop sunrise self-mass diagram is solved by the Runge-Kutta method in the complex plane. The method, whose features are discussed in details, offers a reliable and robust approach to the direct and precise numerical evaluation of Feynman graph integrals.
We review the main steps of the differential equation approach to the analytic evaluation of Feynman graphs, showing at the same time its application to the 3-loop sunrise graph in a particular kinematical configuration.
We present the results for two-loop massive kite master integrals with elliptics in terms of iterated integrals with algebraic kernels. The key ingredients are new integral representations for sunset subgraphs in $d=4-2ε$ and $d=2-2ε$ dimensions together with differential equations for considered kite master integrals in $A+Bε$ form. The obtained results can be easily generalized to all orders in $ε$-expansion and show that the class of functions defined as iterated integrals with algebraic kernels may be large enough for writing down results for a large class of massive Feynman diagrams.
In this paper we show that certain Feynman integrals can be expressed as linear combinations of iterated integrals of modular forms to all orders in the dimensional regularisation parameter $\varepsilon$ . We discuss explicitly the equal mass sunrise integral and the kite integral. For both cases we give the alphabet of letters occurring in the iterated integrals. For the sunrise integral we present a compact formula, expressing this integral to all orders in $\varepsilon$ as iterated integrals of modular forms.
We consider the most general two-loop massless correlator $I(n_1,n_2,n_3,n_4,n_5; x,y;D)$ of two composite vertices with the Bjorken fractions $x$ and $y$ for arbitrary indices $\{n_i\}$ and space-time dimension $D$; this correlator is represented by a "kite" diagram. The correlator $I(\{n_i\};x,y;D)$ is the generating function for any scalar Feynman integrals related to this kind of diagrams. We calculate $I(\{n_i\};x,y;D)$ and its Mellin moments in a direct way by evaluating hypergeometric integrals in the $α$ representation. The result for $I(\{n_i\};x,y;D)$ is given in terms of a double hy…
Feynman integrals are easily solved if their system of differential equations is in $\varepsilon$-form. In this letter we show by the explicit example of the kite integral family that an $\varepsilon$-form can even be achieved, if the Feynman integrals do not evaluate to multiple polylogarithms. The $\varepsilon$-form is obtained by a (non-algebraic) change of basis for the master integrals.
In this talk, we discuss recent progress in the application of generalizations of polylogarithms in the symbolic computation of multi-loop integrals. We briefly review the Maple program MPL which supports a certain approach for the computation of Feynman integrals in terms of multiple polylogarithms. Furthermore we discuss elliptic generalizations of polylogarithms which have shown to be useful in the computation of the massive two-loop sunrise integral.
We present a loop-by-loop method for computing the differential equations of Feynman integrals using the recently developed dual form formalism. We give explicit prescriptions for the loop-by-loop fibration of multi-loop dual forms. Then, we test our formalism on a simple, but non-trivial, example: the two-loop three-mass elliptic sunrise family of integrals. We obtain an epsilon-form differential equation within the correct function space in a sequence of relatively simple algebraic steps. In particular, none of these steps relies on the analysis of $q$-series. Then, we discuss interesting pr…
We introduce a class of iterated integrals that generalize multiple polylogarithms to elliptic curves. These elliptic multiple polylogarithms are closely related to similar functions defined in pure math- ematics and string theory. We then focus on the equal-mass and non-equal-mass sunrise integrals, and we develop a formalism that enables us to compute these Feynman integrals in terms of our iterated integrals on elliptic curves. The key idea is to use integration-by-parts identities to identify a set of integral kernels, whose precise form is determined by the branch points of the integral i…
We derive a second-order differential equation for the two-loop sunrise graph in two dimensions with arbitrary masses. The differential equation is obtained by viewing the Feynman integral as a period of a variation of a mixed Hodge structure, where the variation is with respect to the external momentum squared. The fibre is the complement of an elliptic curve. From the fact that the first cohomology group of this elliptic curve is two-dimensional we obtain a second-order differential equation. This is an improvement compared to the usual way of deriving differential equations: Integration-by-…
In these proceedings we discuss a representation for modular forms that is more suitable for their application to the calculation of Feynman integrals in the context of iterated integrals and the differential equation method. In particular, we show that for every modular form we can find a representation in terms of powers of complete elliptic integrals of the first kind multiplied by algebraic functions. We illustrate this result on several examples. In particular, we show how to explicitly rewrite elliptic multiple zeta values as iterated integrals over powers of complete elliptic integrals …
The system of 4 differential equations in the external invariant satisfied by the 4 master integrals of the general massive 2-loop sunrise self-mass diagram is solved by the Runge-Kutta method in the complex plane. The method offers a reliable and robust approach to the direct and precise numerical evaluation of Feynman graph integrals.
The 4-th order Runge-Kutta method in the complex plane is proposed for numerically advancing the solutions of a system of first order differential equations in one external invariant satisfied by the master integrals related to a Feynman graph. The particular case of the general massive 2-loop sunrise self-mass diagram is analyzed. The method offers a reliable and robust approach to the direct and precise numerical evaluation of master integrals.
In this talk we discuss how ideas from the theory of mixed Hodge structures can be used to find differential equations for Feynman integrals. In particular we discuss the two-loop sunrise graph in two dimensions and show that these methods lead to a differential equation which is simpler than the ones obtained from integration-by-parts.
Resonance and Differential Reduction of Feynman Integrals
School of Mathematics and Hamilton Mathematics Institute, Trinity College（三一学院数学与汉密尔顿数学研究所）；Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University（乌得勒支大学理论物理研究所）；Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications Harvard University（哈佛大学数学科学与应用中心）；Jefferson Physical Laboratory, Harvard University（哈佛大学杰斐逊物理实验室）
Elliptic multiple polylogarithms occur in Feynman integrals and in particular in scattering amplitudes. They can be characterized by their symbol, a tensor product in the so-called symbol letters. In contrast to the non-elliptic case, the elliptic letters themselves satisfy highly non-trivial identities, which we discuss in this paper. Moreover, we introduce the symbol prime, an analog of the symbol for elliptic symbol letters, which makes these identities manifest. We demonstrate its use in two concrete examples at two-loop order: the unequal-mass sunrise integral in two dimensions and the te…
