异构可靠性存储器：利用应用级存储器容错
Heterogeneous-Reliability Memory: Exploiting Application-Level Memory Error Tolerance
摘要：
本文总结了我们在通过异构可靠性内存（HRM）来表征应用程序内存错误漏洞以优化数据中心成本方面的工作，该工作发表在DSN 2014上，并探讨了这项工作的意义和未来潜力。内存设备是数据中心总拥有成本（TCO）的关键组成部分，而用于减少这些设备上发生的错误的技术会增加此成本。为存储器设备提供可靠性的现有方法悲观地将所有数据视为同样易受存储器错误的影响。我们的主要见解是，在新的数据密集型应用程序中存在不同的内存错误容忍度，并且传统的一刀切的内存可靠性技术在成本方面效率低下。这提供了一个机会，通过为不同的应用程序提供适当的内存可靠性，大大降低服务器硬件成本。为此，在我们的DSN 2014论文中，我们做出了三个主要贡献，以低数据中心成本实现高度可靠的服务器。首先，我们开发了一种新方法来量化应用程序对内存错误的容忍度。其次，使用我们的方法，我们进行了三个新的数据密集型工作负载（交互式Web搜索应用程序，内存中的键-值存储和图形挖掘框架）的案例研究，以确定新的见解应用程序内存错误漏洞的性质。第三，基于我们的见解，我们提出了几种新的硬件/软件异构可靠性存储系统的设计，以降低数据中心的成本，同时实现高可靠性，并讨论他们的权衡。我们表明，我们的新技术可以减少4.7%的服务器硬件成本，同时实现99.90%的单服务器可用性。
英文摘要：
This paper summarizes our work on characterizing application memory error vulnerability to optimize datacenter cost via Heterogeneous-Reliability Memory (HRM), which was published in DSN 2014, and examines the work's significance and future potential. Memory devices represent a key component of datacenter total cost of ownership (TCO), and techniques used to reduce errors that occur on these devices increase this cost. Existing approaches to providing reliability for memory devices pessimistically treat all data as equally vulnerable to memory errors. Our key insight is that there exists a diverse spectrum of tolerance to memory errors in new data-intensive applications, and that traditional one-size-fits-all memory reliability techniques are inefficient in terms of cost. This presents an opportunity to greatly reduce server hardware cost by provisioning the right amount of memory reliability for different applications. Toward this end, in our DSN 2014 paper, we make three main contributions to enable highly-reliable servers at low datacenter cost. First, we develop a new methodology to quantify the tolerance of applications to memory errors. Second, using our methodology, we perform a case study of three new data-intensive workloads (an interactive web search application, an in-memory key--value store, and a graph mining framework) to identify new insights into the nature of application memory error vulnerability. Third, based on our insights, we propose several new hardware/software heterogeneous-reliability memory system designs to lower datacenter cost while achieving high reliability and discuss their trade-offs. We show that our new techniques can reduce server hardware cost by 4.7% while achieving 99.90% single server availability.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
