简单热力学系统的最高温度
Maximal temperature in a simple thermodynamical system
摘要：
简单的化学系统中的温度不受上述限制。人们还普遍认为，在没有完整的量子引力理论的情况下，谈论高于普朗克温度的温度是没有意义的。在这里，我们证明了在我们到达量子引力的领域之前，在粒子服从量子力学和经典引力定律的系统中存在最大可达到的温度。也就是说，如果两个具有给定质心能量的粒子相距小于史瓦西直径，根据经典引力，它们将形成黑洞。我们可以计算出，在一个比普朗克温度低三倍的临界温度，一个简单的热力学系统将被黑洞所支配。它代表了在一个简单的化学系统中可达到的最高温度。
英文摘要：
Temperature in a simple thermodynamical system is not limited from above. It is also widely believed that it does not make sense talking about temperatures higher than the Planck temperature in the absence of the full theory of quantum gravity. Here, we demonstrate that there exist a maximal achievable temperature in a system where particles obey the laws of quantum mechanics and classical gravity before we reach the realm of quantum gravity. Namely, if two particles with a given center of mass energy come at the distance shorter than the Schwarzschild diameter apart, according to classical gravity they will form a black hole. It is possible to calculate that a simple thermodynamical system will be dominated by black holes at a critical temperature which is about three times lower than the Planck temperature. That represents the maximal achievable temperature in a simple thermodynamical system.
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