宇宙学体系中广义熵的含义、后果和解释
Implications, consequences and interpretations of generalized entropy in the cosmological setups
摘要：
最近，它被认为是（Eur。J. C { \bf 73}，2487（2013）），引力系统的总熵应该与系统的体积而不是系统表面相关。在这里，我们表明，这个新的建议不能同时满足统一的热力学热力学第一定律和弗里德曼方程，除非考虑的暗能量候选的视界熵的影响。事实上，我们的研究表明，某些类型的暗能量候选者可能会承认这一提议。所需的暗能量的一些一般性质也得到解决。此外，我们的研究表明，这个新的熵的建议，而结合热力学第二定律（作为Verlinde的建议的支柱），帮助我们提供了一个热力学解释之间的差异表面和体积自由度，根据帕德马纳班的建议，导致时空的出现，从而宇宙膨胀。事实上，我们的研究表明，系统的熵变可能等于从表面落入系统体积的表面自由度与体自由度之差。简而言之，我们的结果向我们发出信号，这个关于熵的新提议可能与热力学定律、弗里德曼方程、帕德玛纳班关于时空出现以及宇宙膨胀的全息提议一致。事实上，熵的这个新定义可以用来在Verlinde和Padmanabhan的提议之间架起一座桥梁。
英文摘要：
Recently, it was argued (Eur. Phys. J. C {\bf73}, 2487 (2013)) that the total entropy of a gravitational system should be related to the volume of system instead of the system surface. Here, we show that this new proposal cannot satisfy the unified first law of thermodynamics and the Friedmans equation simultaneously, unless the effects of dark energy candidate on the horizon entropy are considered. In fact, our study shows that some types of dark energy candidate may admit this proposal. Some general properties of required dark energy are also addressed. Moreover, our investigation shows that this new proposal for entropy, while combined with the second law of thermodynamics (as the backbone of Verlinde's proposal), helps us in providing a thermodynamic interpretation for the difference between the surface and bulk degrees of freedom which, according to Padmanabhan's proposal, leads to the emergence of spacetime and thus the universe expansion. In fact, our investigation shows that the entropy changes of system may be equal to the difference between the surface and bulk degrees of freedom falling from surface into the system volume. Briefly, our results signal us that this new proposal for entropy may be in agreement with the thermodynamics laws, the Friedmann equation, Padmanabhan's holographic proposal for the emergence of spacetime and therefore the universe expansion. In fact, this new definition of entropy may be used to make a bridge between Verlinde's and Padmanabhan's proposals.
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