Halo L2轨道及以外深空航天器的光学跟踪：作为试验案例的Gaia飞行任务
Optical tracking of deep-space spacecraft in Halo L2 orbits and beyond: the Gaia mission as a pilot case
摘要：
我们解决的问题，精确的光学跟踪遥远的人造探测器，在晕轨道周围的地球-太阳平动点L2和超越，沿行星际转移。对改进的目标跟踪性能，特别是在用小型望远镜观测时，进行了评估，对航天器探测中的预期信噪比作了一般估计。正在进行的盖亚任务作为一个试点案例，我们的分析，报告新的文献和原始的光学测光和天体测量结果。探测器沿其预计的标称路径被定位在0.13 +/- 0.09弧秒或0.9 +/- 0.6公里的范围内。航天器的颜色看起来是红色的，（V-R_c）= 1.1 +/- 0.2，对R_c波段的热辐射校正为（Bol-R_c）= -1.1 +/- 0.2。视星等R_c = 20.8 +/-0.2，比原先预计的要暗得多。这些特征导致提出了邦德散射系数a = 0.11 +/- 0.05的下限，并证实了入射太阳光通过盖亚覆盖太阳屏蔽的机载MLI毯强烈变红。根据盖亚的数据，我们发现甚大望远镜级的望远镜仍然能够探测到3000万公里以外的遥远的火星航天器，同时可以设想对即将到来的金星和火星任务进行更广泛的光学覆盖，以处理最小有效面积Aeff >= 10^6 cm ^2的航天器。除了L2测量外，2 m级望远镜还可以有效地在行星际任务中沿着地球重力辅助机动的深空间探测器跟踪中使用标准雷达测距技术。
英文摘要：
We tackle the problem of accurate optical tracking of distant man-made probes, on Halo orbit around the Earth-Sun libration point L2 and beyond, along interplanetary transfers. The improved performance of on-target tracking, especially when observing with small-class telescopes is assessed providing a general estimate of the expected S/N ratio in spacecraft detection. The on-going Gaia mission is taken as a pilot case for our analysis, reporting on fresh literature and original optical photometry and astrometric results. The probe has been located, along its projected nominal path, within 0.13 +/- 0.09 arcsec, or 0.9 +/- 0.6 km. Spacecraft color appears to be red, with (V-R_c) = 1.1 +/- 0.2 and a bolometric correction to the R_c band of (Bol-R_c) = -1.1 +/- 0.2. The apparent magnitude, R_c = 20.8 +/- 0.2, is much fainter than originally expected. These features lead to suggest a lower limit for the Bond albedo a = 0.11 +/- 0.05 and confirm that incident Sun light is strongly reddened by Gaia through its on-board MLI blankets covering the solar shield. Relying on the Gaia figures, we found that VLT-class telescopes could yet be able to probe distant spacecraft heading Mars, up to 30 million km away, while a broader optical coverage of the forthcoming missions to Venus and Mars could be envisaged, providing to deal with space vehicles of minimum effective area Aeff >= 10^6 cm^2. In addition to L2 surveys, 2m-class telescopes could also effectively flank standard radar-ranging techniques in deep-space probe tracking along Earth's gravity-assist maneuvers for interplanetary missions.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
