夸克-胶子等离子体的最小液滴有多大？
How big are the smallest drops of quark-gluon plasma?
摘要：
利用全息对偶性，我们给出了强耦合$\mathcal N = 4$超对称Yang-Mills理论中高斯激波的正面碰撞和偏心碰撞的结果。冲击波表面上类似于洛伦兹收缩的碰撞质子。碰撞的结果形成的等离子体的演变是很好地描述了粘性流体动力学。产生的液滴的尺寸为$R \sim 1/T_{\rm eff}$，其中$T_{\rm eff}$是有效温度，这是强耦合等离子体中的特征微观尺度。这些结果表明，流体力学的微观小系统的适用性，并支持的概念，流体力学可以应用于重轻离子碰撞，以及一些质子-质子碰撞。
英文摘要：
Using holographic duality, we present results for both head-on and off-center collisions of Gaussian shock waves in strongly coupled $\mathcal N = 4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The shock waves superficially resemble Lorentz contracted colliding protons. The collisions results in the formation of a plasma whose evolution is well described by viscous hydrodynamics. The size of the produced droplet is $R \sim 1/T_{\rm eff}$ where $T_{\rm eff}$ is the effective temperature, which is the characteristic microscopic scale in strongly coupled plasma. These results demonstrate the applicability of hydrodynamics to microscopically small systems and bolster the notion that hydrodynamics can be applied to heavy-light ion collisions as well as some proton-proton collisions.
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