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arXiv 1601.01489astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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半人马座星系团中金属、晃动和反馈的非常深的钱德拉视图

A very deep Chandra view of metals, sloshing and feedback in the Centaurus cluster of galaxies

J. S. Sanders, A. C. Fabian, G. B. Taylor, H. R. Russell, K. M. Blundell, R. E. A. Canning, J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, S. A. Walker, C. K. Grimes

摘要:

我们研究深钱德拉X射线观测半人马座星系团,阿贝尔3526。应用梯度幅值滤波器揭示了丰富的结构,从接近核的100 pc(0.5弧秒)尺度上的连续软发射到更大半径处的10 s kpc大小的特征。该集群包含多个高金属丰度区域,边缘尖锐。相对于方位角平均值,金属丰度和表面亮度的偏差是相关的,温度是负相关的,如预期的,如果在集群中的较大规模的不对称性主要由晃动运动。在西部冷锋周围有一系列约7 kpc的“缺口”,暗示着开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性。冷锋宽度从4kpc到接近电子平均自由程不等,冷锋内部有多个5-10 kpc尺度的金属丰度团块,可能是活动星系核活动抬升的结果,也解释了中心金属丰度下降和内部金属丰度曲线平坦的现象。靠近核的是多重激波,包括一个半径为1.9 kpc的内壳状结构和一个围绕中心空腔的弱的1.1-1.4马赫数激波。在10千秒差距的半径范围内,有9个表面亮度凹陷,其中几个似乎与无线电发射有关。这些激波和空洞意味着,在500万年到1000万年的时间尺度上,这个核心一直在反复活动,表明加热和冷却之间存在着紧密的平衡。我们确认存在一系列的线性准周期结构。如果它们是声波,~5 kpc的间隔意味着600万年的周期,类似于冲击和空洞的年龄。或者,这些结构可以是开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性,它们的相关湍流或放大的磁场层。

英文摘要:

We examine deep Chandra X-ray observations of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies, Abell 3526. Applying a gradient magnitude filter reveals a wealth of structure, from filamentary soft emission on 100pc (0.5 arcsec) scales close to the nucleus to features 10s of kpc in size at larger radii. The cluster contains multiple high-metallicity regions with sharp edges. Relative to an azimuthal average, the deviations of metallicity and surface brightness are correlated, and the temperature is inversely correlated, as expected if the larger scale asymmetries in the cluster are dominated by sloshing motions. Around the western cold front are a series of ~7 kpc 'notches', suggestive of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. The cold front width varies from 4 kpc down to close to the electron mean free path. Inside the front are multiple metallicity blobs on scales of 5-10 kpc, which could have been uplifted by AGN activity, also explaining the central metallicity drop and flat inner metallicity profile. Close to the nucleus are multiple shocks, including a 1.9-kpc-radius inner shell-like structure and a weak 1.1-1.4 Mach number shock around the central cavities. Within a 10 kpc radius are 9 depressions in surface brightness, several of which appear to be associated with radio emission. The shocks and cavities imply that the nucleus has been repeatedly active on 5-10 Myr timescales, indicating a tight balance between heating and cooling. We confirm the presence of a series of linear quasi-periodic structures. If they are sound waves, the ~5 kpc spacing implies a period of 6 Myr, similar to the ages of the shocks and cavities. Alternatively, these structures may be Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, their associated turbulence or amplified magnetic field layers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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