在经典电磁学的背景下理解零点能量
Understanding Zero-Point Energy in the Context of Classical Electromagnetism
摘要：
今天的电磁学教科书给出了麦克斯韦方程组的特殊解，其中包括在延迟时间内对电荷和电流源的积分。然而，文本没有强调的作用，选择相应的解决方案的齐次麦克斯韦方程组的边界条件。在这里，我们讨论的作用，这些边界条件的实验与一个假设的带电谐振子作为他的设备。我们描述了实验者在无线电台附近或在温度T的热辐射中的观测结果。19世纪末的经典物理学家根据Lummer和Pringsheim的实验观察选择了麦克斯韦方程的齐次边界条件，这些观察只测量超过测量设备周围随机辐射的热辐射。在21世纪初的今天，经典物理学家必须为Maxell方程选择齐次边界条件，以对应最近卡西米尔力测量所揭示的全部辐射光谱，卡西米尔力测量检测导电平行板周围的所有辐射，包括板本身吸收和发射的辐射。卡西米尔力测量所揭示的随机经典辐射谱包括电磁零点辐射，这是从鲁默和普林斯海姆测量的谱中缺失的，并且不能通过零温度来消除。这种零点辐射将导致所有具有电磁相互作用的系统的零点能量。因此，齐次麦克斯韦方程组边界条件的选择与现代物理学课程中引入的零点能量和非辐射基态的思想密切相关。
英文摘要：
Today's textbooks of electromagnetism give the particular solution to Maxwell's equations involving the integral over the charge and current sources at retarded times. However, the texts fail to emphasize the role played by the choice of the boundary conditions corresponding to solutions of the homogeneous Maxwell equations. Here we discuss the role of these boundary conditions for an experimenter with a hypothetical charged harmonic oscillator as his equipment. We describe the observations of the experimenter when located near a radio station or immersed in thermal radiation at temperature T. The classical physicists at the end of the 19th century chose the homogeneous boundary conditions for Maxwell's equation based upon the experimental observations of Lummer and Pringsheim which measured only the thermal radiation which exceeded the random radiation surrounding their measuring equipment. Today at the beginning of the 21st century, classical physicists must choose the homogeneous boundary conditions for Maxell's equations to correspond to the full radiation spectrum revealed by the recent Casimir force measurements which detect all the radiation surrounding conducting parallel plates, including the radiation absorbed and emitted by the plates themselves. The random classical radiation spectrum revealed by the Casimir force measurements includes electromagnetic zero-point radiation, which is missing from the spectrum measured by Lummer and Pringsheim, and which cannot be eliminated by going to zero temperature. This zero-point radiation will lead to zero-point energy for all systems which have electromagnetic interactions. Thus the choice of the boundary conditions on the homogeneous Maxwell equations is intimately related to the ideas of zero-point energy and non-radiating ground states which are introduced in classes of modern physics.
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