太阳能收集传感器网络中信息感知的任务循环价值
Value of Information Aware Opportunistic Duty Cycling in Solar Harvesting Sensor Networks
摘要:
能量收集的无线传感器网络(WSNs)可以利用来自环境自然能量(例如太阳能)的额外能量供应来永久地操作。然而,收集的能量仍然有限,因此它无法支持具有全占空比的永久网络操作。为了实现网络的永久运行并处理以信息价值(VoI)衡量的高重要性数据,网络必须在部分占空比下运行并提高效率以消耗所收集的能量。具有挑战性的问题是如何处理自然能源的随机性和可变数据VoI。我们考虑了存储过程中的能量消耗和数据处理的多样性,包括采样,发送和接收,消耗不同的功率水平。然后,通过将能量视为预算,将数据处理视为拉臂,将问题映射为非线性动态多臂强盗(MAB)问题。本文提出了一种实用的工作循环(ODC)方案,以提高能源效率,同时满足永久网络运行。ODC根据能量收集的历史信息和处理数据的VoI选择适当的机会来存储收集的能量或将其用于数据处理。该方案中,每个传感器节点只需要在短期内对环境自然能量进行估计,从而减少了对历史信息的计算和存储。它还可以根据本地的历史信息分布式地调整自己的占空比。本文还对我们的ODC方案的性能进行了广泛的分析,理论结果验证了最优方案与我们的方案之间的差距。我们的实验结果也表明了ODC的良好性能。
英文摘要:
The energy-harvested Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may operate perpetually with the extra energy supply from ambient natural energy, such as solar energy. Nevertheless, the harvested energy is still limited so it's not able to support the perpetual network operation with full duty cycle. To achieve the perpetual network operation and process the data with high importance, measured by Value of Information (VoI), the network has to operate under partial duty cycle and to improve the efficiency to consume the harvested energy. The challenging problem is how to deal with the stochastic feature of the natural energy and the variable data VoI. We consider the energy consumption during storing and the diversity of the data process including sampling, transmitting and receiving, which consume different power levels. The problem is then mapped as the budget-dynamic Multi-Arm Bandit (MAB) problem by treating the energy as the budget and the data process as arm pulling. This paper proposes an Opportunistic Duty Cycling (ODC) scheme to improve the energy efficiency while satisfying the perpetual network operation. ODC chooses the proper opportunities to store the harvested energy or to spend it on the data process based on the historical information of the energy harvesting and the VoI of the processed data. With this scheme, each sensor node need only estimate the ambient natural energy in short term so as to reduce the computation and the storage for the historical information. It also can distributively adjust its own duty cycle according to its local historical information. This paper also conducts the extensive analysis on the performance of our scheme ODC, and the theoretical results validate the regret, which is the difference between the optimal scheme and ours. Our experimental results also manifest the promising performance of ODC.
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