利用脉冲星定时阵实现引力波的多功能定向探测
Versatile Directional Searches for Gravitational Waves with Pulsar Timing Arrays
摘要：
通过多年来定期监测最稳定的毫秒双星，脉冲星定时阵列（PTA）被定位为检测和研究这些双星定时行为的相关性。来自超大质量黑洞双星的引力波是一个令人兴奋的潜在的可探测的关联源。我们描述了一个简单的技术，PTA可以“逐步上升”，形成时间序列的两个偏振模式的GW来自一个特定的方向的天空。我们的技术不需要关于GW信号的时域行为的假设。这种方法已经被用来放置严格的边界上的GW从单个SMBHB在圆形轨道。在这里，我们描述的方法，并证明了该技术的多功能性，在搜索各种各样的GW信号，包括突发与未建模的波形。使用前六年的数据从帕克斯脉冲星定时阵列，我们进行了一个全天空的搜索，可检测的过剩GW功率从任何方向。对于附近几个大质量星系团的视线，我们进行了更详细的搜索GW爆发的记忆，这是不同的签名SMBHB合并。在所有情况下，我们发现数据与噪声一致。
英文摘要：
By regularly monitoring the most stable millisecond pulsars over many years, pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are positioned to detect and study correlations in the timing behaviour of those pulsars. Gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are an exciting potentially detectable source of such correlations. We describe a straight-forward technique by which a PTA can be "phased-up" to form time series of the two polarisation modes of GWs coming from a particular direction of the sky. Our technique requires no assumptions regarding the time-domain behaviour of a GW signal. This method has already been used to place stringent bounds on GWs from individual SMBHBs in circular orbits. Here, we describe the methodology and demonstrate the versatility of the technique in searches for a wide variety of GW signals including bursts with unmodeled waveforms. Using the first six years of data from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, we conduct an all-sky search for a detectable excess of GW power from any direction. For the lines of sight to several nearby massive galaxy clusters, we carry out a more detailed search for GW bursts with memory, which are distinct signatures of SMBHB mergers. In all cases, we find that the data are consistent with noise.
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