星地信道中的单光子干涉
Interference at the Single Photon Level Along Satellite-Ground Channels
摘要：
由态的叠加引起的量子干涉是量子力学有效性的一个显著证据，在许多实验中得到证实，并在应用中得到开发。然而，就任何科学理论而言，量子力学在它已被实验证实的限度内是有效的。为了扩展这种限制，有必要在未探索的条件下观察量子干涉，例如在空间中长距离移动终端。在这里，我们实验演示了单光子干涉在地面站由于相干叠加的两个时间模式反射一个快速移动的卫星几千公里远。卫星的相对速度在干涉图中引起变化的调制。通过激光测距实时测量卫星距离，使我们能够精确预测干扰相位的瞬时值。然后，我们观察到的干扰模式与能见度高达$67\%$与三个不同的卫星和路径长度高达5000公里。我们的研究结果证明了光子时间模式的可行性，在空间物理和量子通信的基本测试。
英文摘要：
Quantum interference arising from superposition of states is a striking evidence of the validity of Quantum Mechanics, confirmed in many experiments and also exploited in applications. However, as for any scientific theory, Quantum Mechanics is valid within the limits in which it has been experimentally verified. In order to extend such limits, it is necessary to observe quantum interference in unexplored conditions such as moving terminals at large distance in Space. Here we experimentally demonstrate single photon interference at a ground station due to the coherent superposition of two temporal modes reflected by a rapidly moving satellite thousand kilometers away. The relative speed of the satellite induces a varying modulation in the interference pattern. The measurement of the satellite distance in real time by laser ranging allowed us to precisely predict the instantaneous value of the interference phase. We then observed the interference patterns with visibility up to $67\%$ with three different satellites and with path length up to 5000 km. Our results attest the viability of photon temporal modes for fundamental tests of Physics and Quantum Communications in Space.
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