LHC的实时数据分析：现在和未来
Real-time data analysis at the LHC: present and future
摘要：
大型强子对撞机（LHC）以14 TeV的能量碰撞质子，每年产生数百EB的数据，使其成为当今世界上最大的数据来源之一。目前，甚至不可能将大部分数据从大型强子对撞机的四个主要粒子探测器转移到“离线”数据设施，更不用说永久存储数据以供将来处理了。因此，LHC探测器配备了实时分析系统，称为触发器，它处理大量数据并选择最有趣的质子-质子碰撞。LHC实验触发器将LHC产生的数据减少了1/1000到1/100000之间，每年减少到数十PB，从而使其经济存储和进一步分析成为可能。大量的数据简化是由定制电子设备执行的，定制电子设备在其决策过程中忽略了大部分数据，因此无法利用最强大的已知数据分析策略。我介绍了LHC实时数据分析的现状，然后解释为什么LHC实验的未来升级将增加数据量，这些数据可以从探测器发送到现成的数据处理设施（如CPU或GPU农场），每年数十EB。这一发展将同时使大型强子对撞机探测器的物理方案得到巨大扩展，并强制开发和实施新一代实时多变量分析工具，以充分利用大型强子对撞机的这一新潜力。我解释了在这个方向上正在进行的工作，并激励为什么在未来几年需要更多的努力。
英文摘要：
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which collides protons at an energy of 14 TeV, produces hundreds of exabytes of data per year, making it one of the largest sources of data in the world today. At present it is not possible to even transfer most of this data from the four main particle detectors at the LHC to "offline" data facilities, much less to permanently store it for future processing. For this reason the LHC detectors are equipped with real-time analysis systems, called triggers, which process this volume of data and select the most interesting proton-proton collisions. The LHC experiment triggers reduce the data produced by the LHC by between 1/1000 and 1/100000, to tens of petabytes per year, allowing its economical storage and further analysis. The bulk of the data-reduction is performed by custom electronics which ignores most of the data in its decision making, and is therefore unable to exploit the most powerful known data analysis strategies. I cover the present status of real-time data analysis at the LHC, before explaining why the future upgrades of the LHC experiments will increase the volume of data which can be sent off the detector and into off-the-shelf data processing facilities (such as CPU or GPU farms) to tens of exabytes per year. This development will simultaneously enable a vast expansion of the physics programme of the LHC's detectors, and make it mandatory to develop and implement a new generation of real-time multivariate analysis tools in order to fully exploit this new potential of the LHC. I explain what work is ongoing in this direction and motivate why more effort is needed in the coming years.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
