Tunka-Rex对cosmic-ray空气簇射最大能量和深度的射电测量
Radio measurements of the energy and the depth of the shower maximum of cosmic-ray air showers by Tunka-Rex
摘要：
我们重建的能量和簇射最大的空气簇射的位置与能量$E \gtrsim 100 $ PeV应用的方法，使用无线电测量与通卡雷克斯。事件到事件的比较，空气切伦科夫测量相同的空气阵雨与通卡-133光电倍增管阵列证实，无线电重建工作可靠。Tunka-Rex重建方法和绝对尺度已在CoREAS模拟上进行了调整，并产生与Tunka-133测量一致的能量和$X_{\mathrm{max}}$值。两个独立测量季节的结果在统计不确定性范围内一致，这为无线电重建提供了额外的信心。Tunka-Rex的能量精度与Tunka-133的$15 %$精度相当，并且在由天线的幅度校准主导的绝对尺度上表现出$20 %$不确定性。对于$X_{\mathrm{max}}$来说，这是第一次用一种不同的、已建立的方法对无线电测量进行直接的实验相关。目前，Tunka-Rex的$X_{\mathrm{max}}$分辨率约为$40 $ g/cm $^2$。由于目前的分析还没有发现任何原理上的局限性，因此通过部署额外的天线和进一步发展重建方法，这种分辨率可能会得到提高。
英文摘要：
We reconstructed the energy and the position of the shower maximum of air showers with energies $E \gtrsim 100 $PeV applying a method using radio measurements performed with Tunka-Rex. An event-to-event comparison to air-Cherenkov measurements of the same air showers with the Tunka-133 photomultiplier array confirms that the radio reconstruction works reliably. The Tunka-Rex reconstruction methods and absolute scales have been tuned on CoREAS simulations and yield energy and $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ values consistent with the Tunka-133 measurements. The results of two independent measurement seasons agree within statistical uncertainties, which gives additional confidence in the radio reconstruction. The energy precision of Tunka-Rex is comparable to the Tunka-133 precision of $15 %$, and exhibits a $20 %$ uncertainty on the absolute scale dominated by the amplitude calibration of the antennas. For $X_{\mathrm{max}}$, this is the first direct experimental correlation of radio measurements with a different, established method. At the moment, the $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ resolution of Tunka-Rex is approximately $40 $g/cm$^2$. This resolution can probably be improved by deploying additional antennas and by further development of the reconstruction methods, since the present analysis does not yet reveal any principle limitations.
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