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arXiv 1509.04032astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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碎片盘中尘埃颗粒大小-恒星光度趋势

The dust grain size - stellar luminosity trend in debris discs

Nicole Pawellek, Alexander V. Krivov

摘要:

碎片盘中物质的截面被认为是由最小的颗粒所支配的,这些颗粒尽管受到恒星辐射压的排斥作用,但仍能留在束缚轨道上。因此,预期最小(和典型)晶粒尺寸$s_\text{min}$接近辐射压力井喷尺寸$s_\text{blow}$。然而,最近对赫歇尔分辨的碎片盘样本的分析表明,随着恒星光度的增加,$s_\text{min}/s_\text{blow}$的比率系统地降低,从太阳型恒星的大约10倍降低到最明亮的A型恒星周围的几乎1倍。在这里,我们将更详细地探讨这一趋势,检查它的重要性,并寻求可能的解释。我们表明,这一趋势是强大的尘埃颗粒的组成和孔隙度的变化。对于任何假设的颗粒特性和恒星参数,我们建议一个配方,如何估计“真正的”半径的空间未解决的碎片光盘,仅根据其光谱能量分布。我们的碰撞模拟的结果是定性一致的趋势,虽然额外的影响也可能在工作。特别是,低光度恒星缺乏具有小$s_\text{min}/s_\text{blow}$的颗粒可能是由颗粒表面能约束引起的,这种约束应该限制最小碰撞碎片的大小。此外,一个更好的协议之间的数据和碰撞模拟时,实现假设碎片光盘更明亮的恒星有更高的动态激发比那些不太明亮的原色。这意味着,由更大质量的年轻恒星组成的原行星盘在形成大的星子或行星方面更有效,这些星子或行星在随后的演化阶段充当碎片盘中的搅拌器。

英文摘要:

The cross section of material in debris discs is thought to be dominated by the smallest grains that can still stay in bound orbits despite the repelling action of stellar radiation pressure. Thus the minimum (and typical) grain size $s_\text{min}$ is expected to be close to the radiation pressure blowout size $s_\text{blow}$. Yet a recent analysis of a sample of Herschel-resolved debris discs showed the ratio $s_\text{min}/s_\text{blow}$ to systematically decrease with the stellar luminosity from about ten for solar-type stars to nearly unity in the discs around the most luminous A-type stars. Here we explore this trend in more detail, checking how significant it is and seeking to find possible explanations. We show that the trend is robust to variation of the composition and porosity of dust particles. For any assumed grain properties and stellar parameters, we suggest a recipe of how to estimate the "true" radius of a spatially unresolved debris disc, based solely on its spectral energy distribution. The results of our collisional simulations are qualitatively consistent with the trend, although additional effects may also be at work. In particular, the lack of grains with small $s_\text{min}/s_\text{blow}$ for lower luminosity stars might be caused by the grain surface energy constraint that should limit the size of the smallest collisional fragments. Also, a better agreement between the data and the collisional simulations is achieved when assuming debris discs of more luminous stars to have higher dynamical excitation than those of less luminous primaries. This would imply that protoplanetary discs of more massive young stars are more efficient in forming big planetesimals or planets that act as stirrers in the debris discs at the subsequent evolutionary stage.

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