体超声成像中的欠采样和傅立叶域波束形成
Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Fourier Domain Beamforming in Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging
摘要：
超声图像形成的关键步骤之一是由放置在阵列上的几个换能器元件采样的信号的数字波束形成。高分辨率数字波束形成要求采样率明显高于信号的奈奎斯特速率，这大大增加了必须从系统前端传输的数据量。在3D超声成像中，使用2D换能器阵列而不是1D阵列，并且需要更多的扫描线。这意味着采样数据的量相对于2D成像大大增加。在这项工作中，我们表明，可以实现相当大的数据率的减少，通过应用的想法Xcadix和频域波束形成，导致一个子奈奎斯特采样率，它只使用一部分的带宽的超声信号来重建图像。我们扩展以前的工作频域波束形成的二维超声成像，以适应体积扫描和二维网格的换能器元件施加的几何形状。我们展示了高图像质量的低速率样本模拟的幻影图像由几个小的反射器。我们还将我们的技术应用于由商业3D超声系统获得的心室体模的原始数据。我们表明，通过在频域中执行3D波束成形，可以实现亚奈奎斯特采样和低处理速率，同时保持足够的图像质量。
英文摘要：
One of the key steps in ultrasound image formation is digital beamforming of signals sampled by several transducer elements placed upon an array. High-resolution digital beamforming introduces the demand for sampling rates significantly higher than the signals' Nyquist rate, which greatly increases the volume of data that must be transmitted from the system's front end. In 3D ultrasound imaging, 2D transducer arrays rather than 1D arrays are used, and more scan-lines are needed. This implies that the amount of sampled data is vastly increased with respect to 2D imaging. In this work we show that a considerable reduction in data rate can be achieved by applying the ideas of Xampling and frequency domain beamforming, leading to a sub-Nyquist sampling rate, which uses only a portion of the bandwidth of the ultrasound signals to reconstruct the image. We extend previous work on frequency domain beamforming for 2D ultrasound imaging to accommodate the geometry imposed by volumetric scanning and a 2D grid of transducer elements. We demonstrate high image quality from low-rate samples by simulation of a phantom image comprised of several small reflectors. We also apply our technique on raw data of a heart ventricle phantom obtained by a commercial 3D ultrasound system. We show that by performing 3D beamforming in the frequency domain, sub-Nyquist sampling and low processing rate are achievable, while maintaining adequate image quality.
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