Ket人的基因组研究：一个具有重要古代北欧亚血统的古爱斯基摩相关族群
Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry
摘要：
俄罗斯叶尼塞河流域的一个民族-克茨人被认为是西伯利亚最后的游牧狩猎采集者，而克茨语与任何语系都没有明显的联系。我们调查了凯尔特人与西伯利亚和北美人口之间的联系，重点是Mal'ta和古爱斯基摩人的古老基因组，使用来自46个不相关的凯尔特人样本和42个邻近民族（Urban讲Urban的Nganasans，Enets和Selkups）样本的原始数据。我们对超过130，000个常染色体SNP进行了基因分型，确定了线粒体和Y染色体单倍群，并对两个Ket个体进行了高覆盖率的基因组测序。我们确定了凯尔特人属于与古爱斯基摩人有关的西伯利亚人群群。与这个族群的其他成员（恩加纳桑人、乌尔奇人、尤卡吉尔人和伊文斯人）不同，凯尔特人和与之密切相关的塞尔库普人有很高的马尔塔血统。这些研究结果的语言假设团结成一个语言大家庭的Ket和Na-Dene语言的影响进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
The Kets, an ethnic group in the Yenisei River basin, Russia, are considered the last nomadic hunter-gatherers of Siberia, and Ket language has no transparent affiliation with any language family. We investigated connections between the Kets and Siberian and North American populations, with emphasis on the Mal'ta and Paleo-Eskimo ancient genomes using original data from 46 unrelated samples of Kets and 42 samples of their neighboring ethnic groups (Uralic-speaking Nganasans, Enets, and Selkups). We genotyped over 130,000 autosomal SNPs, determined mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups, and performed high-coverage genome sequencing of two Ket individuals. We established that the Kets belong to the cluster of Siberian populations related to Paleo-Eskimos. Unlike other members of this cluster (Nganasans, Ulchi, Yukaghirs, and Evens), Kets and closely related Selkups have a high degree of Mal'ta ancestry. Implications of these findings for the linguistic hypothesis uniting Ket and Na-Dene languages into a language macrofamily are discussed.
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