等离子喷涂钨和钨钢MMC的X射线显微断层摄影
X-ray microtomography of heavy microstructures: the case of Plasma-Sprayed Tungsten and Tungsten-Steel MMC
摘要：
本文对等离子喷涂钨（PS-W）的同步辐射显微层析成像进行了研究。PS-W是一种具有挑战性的材料，因为它在不同的长度尺度（从纳米到微米）下表现出随机的多孔网络，并且几乎不能被X射线穿透。此外，内部孔隙率导致强烈的内部散射。关键的挑战是，首先，优化光束参数，考虑到光子能量（穿透深度）和空间分辨率之间的固有权衡，其次，开发有效的信号滤波算法。尽管检测到的信噪比有限，但可以重建大体积的PS-W，图像质量和微米分辨率良好（体素大小= 1.4 μm）。作为一个重要的结果，我们报告了优异的图像质量和更高的穿透深度，通过应用相同的设置在铁的微观结构，即10%W/钢MMC用作PS-W和铁素体/马氏体钢基体之间的夹层。本文报告了详细的三维形态分析的所有夹杂物类型在PS-W和W/钢，这导致了一个复杂的连接多孔网络在两种介质中的披露。分析中提出的多相体积分数，渗流比和三维形状描述符。详细分析了三维渗流模式，并讨论了受噪声影响的PS-W区域对分割阈值的敏感性。值得注意的是，渗透的多孔相被发现在整个涂层厚度的PS-W。在W-钢MMC渗流被发现在垂直平面和解释为热机械应力引起的分层发病。
英文摘要：
In this paper synchrotron microtomography on Plasma Sprayed Tungsten (PS-W) is presented and discussed. PS-W is a challenging material for microtomography since it exhibits a random porous network at different length-scales (from nanometers to micrometers) and is hardly penetrable by X-rays. Furthermore, inner porosity causes strong internal scattering. The key challenges were, firstly, to optimize the beam parameters considering the inherent trade-off between photon energy (penetration depth) and spatial resolution and, secondly, to develop effective signal filtering algorithms. Despite the limited signal-to-noise ratio detected, large volumes of PS-W could be reconstructed with good image quality and micrometric resolution (voxel size = 1.4 μm). As an important result, we report excellent image quality and higher penetration depth by applying the same setup on a ferrous microstructure, namely a 10%W/Steel MMC used as interlayer between PS-W and a ferritic/martensitic steel substrate. The paper reports a detailed 3D morphological analysis of all inclusion types in PS-W and W/Steel, which led to disclosure of a complex connected porous network in both media. The analysis is presented in terms of multiphase volume fraction, ratio of percolation and 3D shape descriptors. 3D percolation patterns are analyzed in detail and sensitivity towards segmentation threshold for the noise-affected PS-W region is discussed. Remarkably, percolation of the porous phase was found throughout the entire coating thickness of PS-W. In W-Steel MMC percolation was found in the perpendicular plane and interpreted as onset of delamination caused by thermomechanical stress.
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