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arXiv 1507.07040astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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在对邻近星系的X射线观测中我们探测到星系反馈物质了吗?- NGC 5866的实例研究

Do We Detect the Galactic Feedback Material in X-ray Observations of Nearby Galaxies? - A Case Study of NGC 5866

Jiang-Tao Li

摘要:

星系周围发射热气体的X射线的主要来源之一是来自超新星的反馈(SNe),但大多数这种富含金属的反馈物质通常不能在X射线观测中直接检测到。这种缺失的星系反馈问题在早期型星系凸起中非常突出,那里几乎没有冷气体使SNe喷出物以较低的温度辐射出X射线域。本文介绍了一个深朱雀观测的S 0星系NGC 5866,这是相对丰富的分子气体作为一个S 0星系,并显示出显着的证据,冷热气体相互作用。通过联合分析朱雀和档案钱德拉数据,我们测量的Fe/O丰度比是$7.63_{-5.52}^{+7.28}$相对于太阳值。这一丰度比远高于螺旋星系,甚至在S 0和椭圆星系中最高。NGC 5866也同时具有最高的Fe/O丰度比和分子气体质量之间的小样本的气体贫乏的早型星系。铁预算的估计表明,NGC 5866可以保留一个比通常的分数更大,但远从Ia型SNe注入的铁的总量。我们还发现热气体温度从内晕到外晕逐渐升高,内晕的温度约为0.25keV,明显低于Ia型超新星加热的温度。这种低温可以最自然地解释为与冷热气体相互作用有关的额外冷却过程,如许多平面外尘埃丝的存在所表明的。我们的研究结果表明,大量的冷气体含量和存在的内部区域的冷-热气体相互作用的NGC 5866显着降低了比能量的SN喷出物,因此银河系外流的速度。因此,银河系可以保留相当一部分富含金属的反馈物质,使其不被吹出。

英文摘要:

One of the major sources of X-ray emitting hot gas around galaxies is the feedback from supernovae (SNe), but most of this metal-enriched feedback material is often not directly detected in X-ray observations. This missing galactic feedback problem is extremely prominent in early-type galaxy bulges where there is little cool gas to make the SNe ejecta radiate at lower temperature beyond the X-ray domain. We herein present a deep Suzaku observation of an S0 galaxy NGC5866, which is relatively rich in molecular gas as an S0 galaxy and shows significant evidence of cool-hot gas interaction. By jointly analyzing the Suzaku and an archival Chandra data, we measure the Fe/O abundance ratio to be $7.63_{-5.52}^{+7.28}$ relative to solar values. This abundance ratio is much higher than those of spiral galaxies, and even among the highest ones of S0 and elliptical galaxies. NGC5866 also simultaneously has the highest Fe/O abundance ratio and molecular gas mass among a small sample of gas-poor early-type galaxies. An estimation of the Fe budget indicates that NGC5866 could preserve a larger than usual fraction, but far from the total amount of Fe injected by Type Ia SNe. We also find that the hot gas temperature increases from inner to outer halos, with the inner halo has a temperature of ~0.25keV, clearly lower than that expected from Type Ia SNe heating. This low temperature could be most naturally explained by additional cooling processes related to the cool-hot gas interaction as being indicated by the existence of many extraplanar dusty filaments. Our results indicate that the large cool gas content and the presence of cool-hot gas interaction in the inner region of NGC5866 have significantly reduced the specific energy of the SN ejecta and so the velocity of galactic outflow. The galaxy could thus preserve a considerable fraction of metal-enriched feedback material from being blown out.

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